Transcript Where to look - Pests! - Effingham County Schools

Where to look - Pests!
• Insects
• Nematodes
• Weeds
• Diseases
• Rodents and other small mammals
Basic classification
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
• Kings Play Chess On Fine Green Silk
Starting at the beginning:
• 4 types of Phyla:
•
•
•
•
Arthropoda ( insects, spiders, mites, millipedes)
Aschelminthes (roundworms)
Platyhelminthes (Flatworms, flukes, tapeworms)
Mollusca (snails, slugs, clams)
• Arthropoda Phyla is divided into classes:
• Crustacea (Crayfish, sowbugs)
• Arachnida (spiders, ticks, mites)
• Insecta ( bugs, beetles, butterflies)
Classification cont.
• Insecta Class is divided into Orders:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Orthoptera (grasshoppers)
Homoptera (aphids)
Coleoptera (beetles)
Lepidoptera (moths, butterflies)
Diptera (flies)
Dermoptera (earwigs)
Hemiptera (true bugs)
Hymenoptera (ants, bees)
Rules to fall into Classes and
Orders
• Arachnida:
• must have 2 body segments or parts
• must have 4 pairs of legs
• *some mites are major plant pests
• Insects:
• all have three body regions: head, thorax, abdomen
• 3 pairs of legs
• 1 pair of antennae
• 0 to 2 pairs of wings
Head Body Parts
• Antennae: segmented, vary in form.
• Primarily the smell organ
• Mouthparts:
• rasping-sucking
• chewing-lapping
• piercing-sucking
• sponging
• siphoning
• chewing
Body Parts
• Thorax: made of 3 sections, each containing a pair of legs
• legs are jointed
• used for digging, feeling, swimming, and cleaning
• Wings - differ for each insect
• serve as an identification tool
• “-ptera” means with wings
Metamorphosis
• Development of the body after birth
• Gradual (or incomplete) - insect’s life cycle changes from
egg through the nymph to adult
• nymph, similar to adult except for size and color
• aphids, leafhoppers, mole crickets
• Complete - 4 life stages
• egg, larvae, pupae, adult
• larvae looks nothing like adult
• pupae is a transformation stage
• caterpillars-moths, grubs-beetles, maggots-flies
Beneficial Insects
• Not all insects are bad for agriculture
• They help:
• pollinate plants
• improve soil
• destroy harmful insects
Other types of pests
• Nematodes
Southern root-knot
nematodes on pepper
plant roots.
• Weeds
This weed is leafy
spurge.
Other types of pests
• Diseases
• Rodents and other
animals
What is Entomology
• The branch of zoology that deals with the study
of insects
Human Interaction
• There are only approximately 10,000 species of insects
that are harmful to humans
• Deadly epidemics of the past have been caused by
diseased organisms carried by insects
• Example
• Bubonic Plague epidemic that wiped out the
population of Europe in the 14th century was carried
by fleas that infested rodents
DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)
• A chemical that was discovered by a German scientist
named Othmar Zeidler in 1874
• Used to reduce the number of insects in a given area
• Example
• Mosquitoes in the tropics
• Eventually banned due to the side affects to wildlife
animals and plants
• Silent Spring
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
• Cultural methods
• Vary country to country
• Insect diseases and predators
• Pheromones
• Release of sterile males
• Insect resistant plant varieties