Transcript AP World History Chapter 33

AP World History
Chapter 33
Africa, the Middle East, and Asia
in the Era of Independence
• The Colonial
Divisions of
Africa and the
Emergence of
New Nations
• The Partition
of South Asia:
The Formation
of India,
Pakistan,
Bangladesh,
and Sri Lanka
The Population Bomb
• Population control difficult
– cultural factors
– high mortality rates
Parasitic Cities and Endangered
Ecosystems
• Towns
– Slums become permanent
– towns parasitic
Women's Subordination and the Nature of
Feminist Struggles in the Postcolonial Era
• Indira Gandhi
– Indian politician who served as Prime Minister of India.
The World's second longest serving female Prime Minister
as of 2012. She was the first woman to become prime
minister in India.
• Corazon Aquino
– The 11th President of the the Philippines and the first
women to hold that. She led the 1986 People Power
Revolution, which toppled Ferdinand Marcos and restored
democracy in the Philippines. She was named "Woman of
the Year" in 1986 by Time
• Benazir Bhutto
– 11 Prime Minister of Pakistan and founder of the Pakistan
People’s Party.
Charismatic
Populists and
One-Party Rule
Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana
• Soviet support
• Cocoa, cash crop
• Deposed, 1966
Military Responses:
Dictatorships and Revolutions
Muslim Brotherhood
• Hasan al-Banna
Free Officers, 1930s
• Nationalistic
• Gamal Abdul Nasser
– Allied with Muslim Brotherhood
Nasser
• Land redistribution
• Free education
• Food staples regulated
• Forced British from Canal zone
• Israel
– Six-Day War, 1967
Anwar Sadat
• Negotiations with Israel
Hosni Mubarak
The Indian Alternative:
Development for Some of the People
Indian National Congress
• Social reform
• Economic development
• Democracy
• Civil rights
Jawaharlal Nehru
• 1st Indian Prime Minister
• Green Revolution
– Agrarian Reform
• Private investment
Iran: Religious Revivalism and the Rejection of
the West
Pahlavi shahs
• Modernization
• Alienates religious leaders
• Overthrown by Khomeini, 1978
Ayatollah Khomeini
• Similar to Mahdi
• The Mahdi is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will rule for seven,
nine or nineteen years before the Day of Judgment, the Day of
Resurrection) and will rid the world of wrongdoing, injustice and tyranny.
Radical reform
• Sharia law
• Opposition suppressed
• Women more restricted
War with Iraq
• 1988, peace
South Africa: The Apartheid State and Its Demise
Nationalist Party
• Afrikaner
• 1948 elections
• Afrikaner rule
Opposition, 1960s
Economic, political pressure, 1980s
Mandela freed, 1990
Independence, 1960
Apartheid
• complete separation
• African National Congress
outlawed
• Walter Sisulu, Nelson Mandela,
Steve Biko
Elections, 1994
• Mandela president
Comparisons of Emerging Nations Patterns
• Some reflect traditions
• Depends on continuity of native culture
AP World History
Chapter 34
Rebirth and Revolution:
Nation Building in East Asia and the
Pacific Rim
East Asia in the Postwar Settlements
Korea divided
• Russian, American zone
Taiwan
• Chinese occupation
• Chiang Kai-shek
Japan occupied by United
States
Postwar decolonization
• U.S. loses Philippines
• Dutch: Indonesia
• British: Malaya
Japanese Recovery
American occupation ends, 1952
Democratization
• women get the vote
• unions encouraged
• Shintoism no longer state religion
• land redistribution
• new constitution modified, 1963
Liberal Democratic Party, 1955
Korea: Intervention and War
North Korea
• communist
• Kim Il-Sung, to 1994
South Korea
• Syngman Rhee
• parliamentary government
North invades South, 1950
• U.S. leads UN effort
• China supports North Korea
• 1953, armistice or cease fire.
Emerging Stability in Taiwan, Hong
Kong, and Singapore
Taiwan
• Guomindang retreats to Taiwan
• U.S. Support
Hong Kong
• British colony
• Chinese control, 1997
Singapore
•
independence, 1965
Japan, Incorporated
Japan's Distinctive Political and Cultural Style
• Liberal Democrat Party, 1955-1993
– corruption raises questions
• Cultural continuity
• Nationalism
The Economic Surge
• Company unions
– cooperation between management, labor
• Women
– traditional attitudes
• Popular culture
– Western influence
The Korean Miracle
South Korea
• Chung-hee, 1961-1979
– military loses power
– more open press, political action
– new companies
• Hyundai
Taiwan
Rapid economic growth
• More contact with China, other neighbors
• Death of Chiang Kai-shek, 1978
• Gap narrows between China and Taiwan
Singapore
Similar to Taiwan
• Lee Kuan Yew
• Authoritarian rule
• Returned to China, 1997
The Pacific Rim: Common culture
Common culture
• Group loyalty stronger than individualism
• Confucianism important in economic development
• Benefit from Japanese influence
• Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia follow
Mao’s China
Rise of Communist China
• Long March
• Communism popular
• Mao gaining power by 1945
• Defeat of Japan, 1949
• Communists ascendant
• Land reform
• First five-year plan, 1953
• Mass Line approach, 1955
• Agricultural cooperatives
• Farming through collectives
from 1956
• Purge of intellectuals, 1957
The Great Leap Backward
The Great Leap Forward, 1958
• based on peasant communes
• peasants un-cooperative
• famine
• ended by 1960
• Mao no longer state chairman
– still head of Central Committee
– replaced by pragmatists
– Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoui, Deng Xiaoping
"Women Hold Up Half of the Heavens"
• Communist promising legal equality
• Work outside the home opportunities increase
Mao's Last Campaign and the Fall of
the Gang of Four
Cultural Revolution, 1965
• Zhou Enlaiinto, seclusion
• Liu Shaoqui, killed
• Deng Xiaoping, imprisoned (1976)
The Cultural Revolution ended, 1968
Revolution in Vietnam
• French Indochina utilizes for
plantation labor.
• Vietnamese Western-educated elite
• French racism/discrimination rises
• Nationalist struggle eventually led by
HO CHI MINH
• Post WWII – Viet Minh liberate areas
of Vietnam (communist)
• 1954 – Independence won from
France (and U.S.)
• US supports Ngo Dinh Diem’s
attempts at “liberation”
– Opposed by Viet Cokg
• Vietnam War emerges
– Complicated by guerilla warfare and
role of media
AP World History
Chapter 35
The End of the Cold War and the
Shape of a New Era: 1990-2006
How does this picture illustrate modern warfare
during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?
Soviet Union Break Off Countries
How does this photo represent the end of an era
and the beginning of a new global age?
What do the statues of Lenin represent?
Lithuania
Berlin
How do these photos illustrate the post Cold
War nuclear age?
What does this photo illustrate in regards to
modern genocide?
What do these pictures say about genocide
moving into the 21st century?
Spread of Democracy
Spain, Portugal, Greece
• Democracies
Latin America
• all but Cuba by 2000
Mexico
• non-PRI president
South Korea, Taiwan
• democracy expanded
Philippines
• new government
South Africa
• apartheid ended
Nigeria
• democratic government, 1999
Indonesia
• end of authoritarian government
Georgia, Ukraine
• democratic elections
Uzbekistan
• democratization suppressed
Saudi Arabia
• local elections
Kuwait
• women vote
Palestine
• local elections
Egypt
• Local elections military dictatorship
China
• Beijing demonstrations 1989
Baltic Self Determination and Violence
• Break up of
Yugoslavia
Iran Iraq War
What does this image suggest about the
“global” community of the 21st century?
How were the oil fires started, and why?
Contrast this photograph with other images of
war throughout history.
What do these photos illustrate about the new
global war on terror?
How does this photo show the cost of the
modern war in Iraq?
How do these pictures show the contradictions with
the war on terror in Afghanistan?