Transcript Neuroscience Review

Neuroscience Review
AP Psych Review:
Neuroscience
Staci Jukes
04/25/2013 1A
QUESTION 1:
Plasticity is the brain’s ability to ________ __________ after it
has been damaged.
ANSWER:
Modify itself
QUESTION 2:
Broca’s Aphasiacs:
A) Mixes up the meaning of words
B) Cannot say the words correctly
C) Have damage to their temporal lobe
D) Speak in nonsensical sentences
ANSWER:
B) Cannot say the words correctly
QUESTION 3:
The autonomic system controls ______________ motion
where as the somatic nervous system controls
_____________.
ANSWER:
1. Involuntary
2. Voluntary
QUESTION 4:
The oldest brain region is the ___________,
whereas the newest brain region is the
___________ __________.
ANSWER:
1. Brainstem
2. Cerebral Cortex
QUESTION 5:
Which neurotransmitter is an excitatory neurotransmitter that deals with
arousal, mood, attention, and focus?
A) Dopamine
B) Acetylcholine
C) Norepinephrine
D) Serotonin
ANSWER:
C) Norepinephrine
QUESTION 6:
If Emily has damage to her Parietal Lobe, then she would have difficulty in:
A) Higher order thinking
B) Sight
C) Hearing
D) Sensory detecting
D) Sensory detecting
ANSWER:
QUESTION 7:
The part of the brain that is called the “Sensory Switchboard” is the:
A) Thalamus
B) Amygdala
C) Hippocampus
D) Hypothalamus
ANSWER:
A) Thalamus
QUESTION 8:
Neural firing is _________ within the neuron and
__________ between neurons.
ANSWER:
1. Electrical
2. Chemical
QUESTION 9:
Finish the sentence:
The “all-or-none” principle means that…
ANSWER:
The neuron either fires at full speed, or not at all.
There is no firing at half-speed.
QUESTION 10:
The left hemisphere of the brain processes:
A) Visual recognition
B) Musical/artistic
C) Language
D) Reading
E) Both C and D
ANSWER:
E) Both C and D.
Neuroscience
Review
By Ethan Bidwell
Question 1
Franz Gall developed a theory called
__________ in which he would feel bumps
on the head to determine intelligence level
and personality.
C) Phrenology
A) Split-brain
B) Plasticity
C) Phrenology
D) Biological Regioning
Answer
C) Phrenology
Question 2
When an axon becomes depolarized because
of positively charged ions entering the it, a
brief electrical charge travels down the
axon. What is this charge called?
A) A Synaptic Cleft
B) An Action Potential
C) A Refraction
D) A Neuron
Answer
B) Action Potential
Question 3
Which neurotransmitter allows muscles to
contract for movement?
A) Dopamine
B) Endorphins
C) Acetylcholine
D) Serotonin
E) Morphine
Answer
C)Acetylcholine
Question 4
Which of the following takes X-ray
photographs of the brain?
A) Computed Tomograph (CAT scan)
B) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
C) Electroencephalogram (EEG)
D) Positron Emission Tomograph (PET scan)
Answer
A) Computed Tomograph (CAT scan)
Question 5
What does the Endocrine system release into
the bloodstream in order to communicate
information such as emotional responses
and bodily growth?
A) Norepinephrine
B) Callosum
C) Adrenals
D) Hormones
Answer
D) Hormones
Question 6
Damage to which of these would make it so
the victim would be unable to understand
what another is saying?
A) Broca's Area
B) Wernicke's Area
C) Motor Cortex
D) Angular Gyrus
Answer
B) Wernicke's Area
Question 7
Jib was playing on the playground one day
when an older boy came over and shoved
him because he had seen Jib talking to a
Russet potato yesterday. When he fell, Jib
hit his head on a metal bar and was rushed
to the hospital. When he awoke, he
realized that he could not hear as well as
he could yesterday. The doctor later told
him that it was because he damaged
his________ lobe when he hit his head.
Answer
temporal
Question 8
Nicole had to undergo an experimental brain
surgery in which several of areas of the
brain were removed. The largest side effect
of this surgery was the fact that Nicole had
become completely emotionless. The
removal of what area of the brain most
likely caused this?
A) Hippocampus
B) Hypothalamus
C) Amygdala
Answer
C) Amygdala
Question 9
Name this part of this part of the neuron that
receives information from the axons of
other cell
Answer
Dendrites
Question 10
In what ways are neurons similar to other
cells in the body?
I. They are surrounded by a membrane
II. They have a nucleus that contains genes
III. They have cytoplasm
A) Only I
B) Only III
C) II and III
Answer
D) I, II, and III
Neuroscience Review
By: Yudi Ko
• Julie plays tennis with her friend Steve. Steve
hits the ball to Julie, and Julie calls the ball
out. Julie sees the ball go out in what lobe
whereas Steve hears Julie call the ball out in
what lobe?
• Occipital
• Temporal
• My buddy Shaniqua can use sign language
exceptionally well. She is so used to this form
of language that she processes language in the
_____ hemisphere.
• Left
• Mama James told her son “Cleee, bed eh
room” when in fact she wanted to say “Clean
your bedroom”. Her damage is in the• A) Wernicke’s Area
• B) angular gyrus
• C) motor cortex
• D) Broca’s Area
• E) frontal lobe
• D) Broca’s Area
• Which shows an example of a person
producing more frequent neural impulses?
• A) Singing Kumbaya around a fire
• B) Watching fireworks
• C) A slap on the face
• D) Screaming at a spirit yell
• E) Sitting on a couch
• C) A slap on the face
• Mom: “I’m so full that I can burst”
• Dad: “I’m so thirsty that I can chug a gallon of
water”
• Mom and Dad have regulations that are linked
with what brain structure?
• Hypothalamus
• Tom has a difficult time shooting hoops at his
basketball practice after getting into a car
accident which damaged his• A) cerebellum
• B) pons
• C) thalamus
• D) brainstem
• E) amygdala
• A) cerebellum
• Couples hold hands and kiss because the
hands and lips have the highest area of
corresponding _____ and ______ neurons.
• Sensory
• Motor
• When a concert was going on, a man in a car
started to dance in a morph suit and poured
water all over himself. The tendency to give
attention to the man is because of what brain
stucture?
• Reticular formation
• The temporal lobe is to the frontal lobe just
like• A) processing auditory info is to olfactory info
• B) processing auditory info is to making plans
• C) making plans is to processing auditory info
• D) recognizing visual patterns is to auditory
info
• E) chicken is to broccoli
• B) processing auditory info is to making plans
• Janet is struggling to remember information
for the AP Psych exam. However, she has no
problem remembering the material right
before each individual test. She most likely has
damage in the _____.
• hippocampus
Neuroscience Questions
Markus Honig
Question 1.
Which form of scan
requires a patient to be
injected with radioactive
glucose, which is then
illimuninates the active
areas of the brain during
the scan?
Answer: PET SCAN
Question 2.
Which part of the brain
relays information from
the cerebellum, oversees
sleeping, dreaming, and
helps coordinate the
movements of the body
Answer: Pons
Question 3.
Bob is able to talk, but he
has difficulty
understanding language,
and sometime produces
“word salad” or uses odd
word choices. What might
a doctor diagnose Bob
with?
Answer: Wernicke's
Aphasia
Question 4.
A sleeping patient is
currently receiving an EEG
scan. The scan shows low
frequency of waves.
Which type of waves are
being plotted on the EEG,
and what stage of sleep
do these waves occur.
Answer: Delta Waves,
stages 3, and 4.
Question 5.
Doctors are performing an
autopsy on an incredibly tall
man. The doctors examine
his brain and discover a
tumor which is believed to
cause his above-average.
Which gland did the tumor
likely effect?
Answer: the pituitary gland
Question 6.
A scientist stimulates a
certain area of a rat ‘s
brain. As a result, the rats
experiences an increase in
hunger, and begins eating.
Which area of the
hypothalamus did the
scientist stimulate?
Answer: lateral
hypothalamus
Question 7.
An amputee is
complaining of pain from
his non-existent limb.
What is the cause of this
“phantom limb pain”.
Answer: abnormally firing
of sensory neurons
associated with former
limb,
Question 8.
A patient is shown to have
an inability to remember
new experiences
(anterograde amnesia).
What brain region was
likely damaged?
Answer: Hippocampus
Question 9.
A patient complains
feeling sluggish and
depressed, especially
during dark, gloomy
months. What disorder is
he suffering from, and
what is the mostly like
cause?
Answer: SAD, too much
melatonin.
Question 10.
A patient arrives at a hospital
after a car accident. Patient
complains of headaches,
weakness, and nausea. After
examine pupils, the doctor
observe pupils are unequal in
size. Patient may be suffering
from what injury, which is
dangerous due to what
effects?
Answer: Traumatic Brain Injury,
may cause damage to
brainstem, other vital areas.
Citations
• All pictures retrieved from Google images
AP Exam Review Questions
-NEUROSCIENCE-
@jakemilleryo
Question 1
Which of the following measures tissue
density and fluid and captures multiple angles
of the brain?
a) EEG
b) MRI
c) CAT scan
Correct Answer
c) MRI
Question 2
A deficiency of __________ can create
Parkinson’s Disease.
a) Acetylcholine
b) Glucose
c) Dopamine
Correct Answer
c) Dopamine
Question 3
The main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the
brain is:
a) GABA
b) Serotonin
c) Dopamine
Correct Answer
a) GABA
Question 4
The human nervous system works to create:
a) High productivity
b) Homeostasis
c) Electronic pulses
Correct Answer
b) Homeostasis
Question 5
The purpose of the ______ are to relay info from
the cerebral hemispheres and spinal cord.
a) Neurons
b) Synaptic gaps
c) Pons
Correct Answer
c) Pons
Question 6
The Limbic System includes which of the
following:
a) Amygdala
b) Hippocampus
c) Hypothalamus
d) All of the above
Correct Answer
d) All of the above
Question 7
The ______ Lobe includes the motor cortex.
a) Frontal
b) Parietal
c) Temporal
d) Occipital
Correct Answer
a) Frontal
Question 8
A disorder characterized by trouble producing
language, both reading / pronouncing, but can
understand it is:
a) Schizophrenia
b) Wernicke’s Aphasia
c) Broca’s Aphasia
Correct Answer
c) Broca’s Aphasia
Question 9
The left and right hemisphere of the brain is to
_______ as the left hemisphere is to _______.
a) Verbal skills, non-verbal skills
b) Non-verbal skills, verbal skills
c) There is no association of skills with brain
hemispheres
Correct Answer
a) Verbal skills, non-verbal skills
Question 10
The _________ is part of the forebrain that
relays information from sensory organs to the
cerebral cortex.
a) Thalamus
b) Hypothalamus
c) Hippocampus
Correct Answer
a) Thalamus
Neuroscience review
By Grace Haverly 2A
NEUROSCIENCE
1
• What part of the endocrine system is known
as the master gland of the endocrine system?
• Pituitary Gland
NEUROSCIENCE
• Which type of scan produces a 3-D image
made from x-rays?
• CAT/CT Scan
2
NEUROSCIENCE
• A deficiency of which neurotransmitter can
lead to Parkinson’s disease?
• Dopamine
3
NEUROSCIENCE
4
• This part of the brain is known as the master
gland of the brain. It governs the endocrine
system and is responsible for hunger, thirst,
aggression, and sexual behavior.
• Hypothalamus
NEUROSCIENCE
5
• What is the function of this part of a neuron:
soma?
• It gives life, nourishing the neuron. Aka: the
cell body
NEUROSCIENCE
6
• Which lobe of the brain is involved with
thinking, planning, and emotional control? It
also processes voluntary muscle movements.
• Frontal lobe
NEUROSCIENCE
• An excess of Dopamine can lead to what?
• Schizophrenia
7
NEUROSCIENCE
8
• This part of the brain connects the left brain
with the right brain.
• Corpus Callosum
NEUROSCIENCE
• The sympathetic nervous system reacts by
doing which of the following?
• a) slows heat beat and contracts pupils
b) increases heart rate and allows digestion
c) inhibits digestion and dilates pupils
• C
9
NEUROSCIENCE
• Fill in the chart
Human Nervous System
Central NS
Brain
10
Peripheral NS
Spinal Cord
Autonomic
Sympatheti
c
Somatic
Parasympathetic
Neuroscience Review
Carly Beneze
The peripheral nervous system breaks
down into:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The brain and spinal cord
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Afferent and efferent
Autonomic and somatic
Excitatory and inhibitory
The peripheral nervous system breaks
down into:
d. Autonomic and Somatic
A deficiency of this neurotransmitter
leads to Alzheimer’s
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Acetylcholine
GABA
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
A deficiency of this neurotransmitter
leads to Alzheimer’s
a. Acetylcholine
Damage to this region of the brain
would affect our ability to understand
language
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Broca’s Area
Association Areas
Wernicke’s Area
Parietal Lobe
Hindbrain
Damage to this region of the brain
would affect our ability to understand
language
c. Wernicke’s area
The amygdala is the main center for
experiences of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Memory
Hunger
Fear
Sadness
Logic
The amygdala is the main center for
experiences of
c. Fear
The prefrontal cortex is primarily
associated with
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Abstract thought
Higher order thinking
Pursuing goals
Foreseeing consequences
All of the above
The prefrontal cortex is primarily
associated with
e. All of the above
Paralysis of the left arm might be
explained by a problem in the
a. Motor cortex in the frontal lobe in the left
hemisphere
b. Motor cortex in the frontal lobe in the right
hemisphere
c. Sensorimotor cortex in the temporal lobe in the
left hemisphere
d. Motor cortex in the parietal lobe in the left
hemisphere
e. Motor cortex in the occipital lobe in the right
hemisphere
Paralysis of the left arm might be
explained by a problem in the
b. Motor cortex in the frontal lobe in the right
hemisphere
Which neurotransmitters do
antidepressants most closely mimic
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Serotonin
Adrenaline
Acetylcholine
Endorphins
Morphine
Which neurotransmitters do
antidepressants most closely mimic
a. Serotonin
The three major categories that
researchers divide the brain into are
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Old brain, new brain, and cerebral cortex
Lower, middle, and upper brain
Hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain
Brain stem, limbic system, and cerebral cortex
Neurons, synapses, and cerebral cortex
The three major categories that
researchers divide the brain into are
c. Hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain
Split brain patients are unable to
a. Coordinate movements between their major and
minor muscle groups
b. Speak about information received exclusives in their
right hemisphere
c. Speak about information received exclusively in their
left hemispheres
d. Solve abstract problems involving integrating logical
(left hemisphere) and spatial (right) information
e. Speak about information received exclusively through
their left ear, left eye, or left side of their bodies
Split Brain patients are unable to
b. Speak about information received exclusives
in their right hemisphere
Neuroscience
Katelynn Stanley
1A
Question 1
•John start to feel hungry during lunch time. The
_________ regulates his hunger as well as thirst
and emotions.
Question 1
•John start to feel hungry during lunch time. The
hypothalamus regulates his hunger as well as
thirst and emotions.
Question 2
•Albert has recently developed Parkinson's disease
and has started to shake. The decline of the
neurotransmitter, _________, is the cause of the
onset.
Question 2
•Albert has recently developed Parkinson's disease
and has started to shake. The decline of the
neurotransmitter, dopamine, is the most likely cause.
Question 3
•Mary has recently undergone surgery in order to
prevent future life-threatening epileptic seizures.
The surgeon cut the _________.
Question 3
•Mary has recently undergone surgery in order to
prevent future life-threatening epileptic seizures.
The surgeon cut the Corpus Calosum.
Question 4
•Phineas Gage due to brain damage to the
_______ ______, experienced a personality shift,
and experienced difficulty in planning ahead.
Question 4
•Phineas Gage due to brain damage to the Frontal
Lobe, experienced a personality shift, and
experienced difficulty in planning ahead.
Question 5
•An increase of a neurotransmitter can be cause
by a(n) _________, which blocks the reuptake of
a neurotransmitter
Question 5
•An increase of a neurotransmitter can be cause
by an antagonist, which blocks the reuptake of a
neurotransmitter
Question 6
•Anne afraid of heights and is reaching the top of a
roller coaster. As her heart begins to race, it is most
likely that her Sympathetic Nervous System has been
activated.
Question 6
•Anne afraid of heights and is reaching the top of a
roller coaster. As her heart begins to race, it is most
likely that her Sympathetic Nervous System has been
activated.
Question 7
•Louis has had damage to the ______ and has
had a significant decline in emotion.
Question 7
•Louis has had damage to the Amygdala and has
had a significant decline in emotion.
Question 8
•The _______ _______ is when the neuron must
repolarize and and cannot fire until it is polarized
again.
Question 8
•The Refractory Period is when the neuron must
repolarize and and cannot fire until it is polarized
again.
Question 9
•Peter had to have a _________ in order to
measure his brain's electric activity in order to
determine treatment for his seizures.
Question 9
•Peter had to have a Electroencephalogram(EEG)
in order to measure his brain's electric activity in
order to determine treatment for his seizures.
Question 10
•Renee talks normally, but her words are often
make no sense, such as “better grass blue.” She
mostly like has _______ _______.
Question 10
•Renee talks normally, but her words are often
make no sense, such as “better grass blue.” She
mostly like has Wernicke's Aphasia
Review of Neuroscience
1
• Jake was jogging one day when a tree branch
fell and struck him in the head. When Jake
woke up, he discovered he had trouble
hearing sounds.
• Jake most likely injured his _________ lobe.
1
• Temporal
2
• Jordan was visiting a zoo when a lion suddenly
jumped out and ran towards him.
• Jordan began sweating profusely, his eyes
dilated, and he felt his heart pound against his
chest.
• Jordan’s response is a result of his _______
nervous system.
2
• Sympathetic
3
• Annie has been in a depressive state for
almost 3 weeks now. Her friends have taken
her to the doctor and he concluded that she is
lacking the neurotransmitter ________.
• sleep chemical
• Also influences mood
• What neurotransmitter is this?
3
• Serotonin
4
• Brayden left the boxing match and was sent to
the hospital, but couldn’t communicate with
any of the doctors. What are of the brain was
injured?
• Found in the Temporal lobe.
4
• Wernicke’s Area
5
• Jeremy won’t eat anything after suffering a
concussion from football. His parents are
worried their son suffered damage to his
_____.
• The part of the brain that regulates biological
needs like hunger, thirst, fear, and sexual
drives.
• Hypothalamus
6
• John plays soccer and suffered an accident
when a soccer ball came flying, hitting him in
the head.
• John soon lost the ability to speak or read.
Doctors feel he has lost all forms of
communication.
• What part of the brain was injured?
(hemisphere)
6
• Left Hemisphere
7
• Kim has always been afraid of dogs, but after
an injury in softball, she sits on the bench with
her friend’s dog, completely at ease.
• What part of her brain may have been
damaged that helped decrease or erase her
fear of dogs?
7
• Amygdala
8
• Billy can’t sit still for more than 3 seconds. He
is always running around the house, and rarely
focuses on the task at hand.
• Billy also has ADHD due to a high level of
_______ (neurotransmitter)
8
• Norepinephrine
9
• Adam wants to see if he suffered damage to
Wernicke’s area after a car crash. What
method should the doctor use to create an
image of the brain?
• 2 answers are possible
9
• CAT Scan
• MRI Scan
10
• Ben is a split brain patient. He became a split
brain patient after his _____ _______ was cut,
splitting both hemispheres.
• When a book is held up to his left visual field,
Ben can’t say what he saw, but can recognize
the book he saw. What side processed this
information?
10
• Corpus Callosum
• Right Side