Transcript THE HUMAN BODY

THE HUMAN BODY
UNIT 3
THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM
bones
• short
• Long
• Flat
ribs
They protect internal organs
and support the body.
• Voluntary
muscles biceps/triceps
• Involuntary
• Fixed
joints • Semi-flexible
vertebrae
• Flexible elbow
They move bones when
they contract and relax.
They join bones together
and help make the
skeleton flexible.
B O N E S
Short: provide support and stability. In our backs, hands and feet.
Flat: protect our internal organs. Our ribs.
Long: are used for movement. In our arms and legs.
J O I N T S
Fixed: do not move.
Semi-flexible : allow a little movement.
Flexible: allow a lot of movement.
M U S C L E S
Voluntary: are controlled by our brain.
Involuntary: move automatically.
The skeleton
The skeleton is made up of all the bones and cartilage in our body.
Bones are made of hard bone tissue.
Cartilage is made of a more flexible tissue.
maxilla
mandible
Short: provide support and stability. In our backs,
BONES
hands and feet.
Flat: protect our internal organs. Our ribs.
Long: are used for movement. In our arms and
legs.
patella
Joints
Our bones are connected at joints. Flexible cartilage protects the end of these bones.
J O I N T S
Strong elastic bands of tissue called ligaments connect bones at a joint.
Fixed: do not move.
Semi-flexible : allow a little movement.
Flexible: allow a lot of movement.
A fracture is a broken bone.
A sprain is when we tear a ligament.
A dislocation is when a bone is moved from its normal position in a joint.
Muscles
There are over six hundred muscles in the
human body.
intercostals
Muscles help to:
• Give our bodies shape.
• Move.
• Protect our internal organs.
Muscles are made up of muscle fibres
and the muscles in our body respond
to the nervous system by
contracting and relaxing
Tendons tissues which connect
muscles to bones.
The musculoskeletal system is made
up of bones, ligaments, muscles and
tendons.
Voluntary: are controlled by our brain.
Involuntary: move automatically.
The nervous system
central nervous system
The nervous system receives and responds to information from the five sense organs.
It controls the working of the internal organs and body systems, such as the circulatory and respiratory systems.
It produces reflex actions that protect our bodies from danger.
Cerebellum:
controls
balancem
movement
Brain stem:
Cerebrum:
and
connects the
the biggest
coordination.
brain to the
part and
spinal cord
controls
and controls
voluntary
involuntary
movements.
1.movements.
BRAIN
The
control
centre
2.- SPINAL CORD: is made up of nerve tissue
and runs from our brain down our spine.
It controls reflex actions.
Peripheral nervous system
Our nerves are made up of nerve cells called
neurons. They are connected by tiny
branches.
The nervous system and the senses
Our sense organs detect information from the environment and neurons transmit this information to our brain.
Sight
Hearing
Smell
Taste
Touch
Can detect
colour, shape
and size.
Can detect loud,
soft, high and
loud sounds.
Can detect
chemicals –
pleasant or
unpleasant
- in the air.
Can detect
tastes – bitter,
sweet, sour,
salty
Can detect
temperature,
texture,
pressure and
pain.
• Cornea
• Pupil
• iris
• lens
• retina
• Nerve
receptors –
Optic nerve
• eardrum
• three small
bones
• cochlea
• auditory nerve
• nostrils
• Nerve
receptors –
Olfactory
nerve
• taste bud
• epidermis
• dermis