Transcript The Nervous System - Thomas C. Cario Middle School

The Nervous System
The Nervous System
• 1. Two main divisions
• a. Central Nervous System (CNS) – consists
of brain and spinal cord
• b. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) –
includes nerves extending from brain and
spinal cord
• c. The CNS receives messages from the PNS,
interprets them, and then sends out a
response.
Neurons
• 2. Neurons - nerve cells that transmit
messages to and from the spinal cord and
brain
• a. Sensory Neurons – carry messages FROM
body TO CNS
• ex. Playing games in computer lab. When
light switches to green, a sensory neuron
transmits a message from your eye to your
brain
Neurons
• b. Motor Neurons – carry message TO
body FROM CNS
• ex. Your brain sends a signal through a
motor neuron to tell your finger to
click the mouse.
• c. Interneurons – connect neurons
What does a real neuron look like?
3. Structure and Functions of
Neurons
• 1. Dendrites – receive information and
transmit impulses toward cell body
• 2. Cell Body – large area which contains
cell nucleus or power plant
• 3. Nucleus – command center of the
neuron
• 4. Axon – transmit impulses away
from cell body and toward axon
terminal
• 5. Axon Terminals – branched
structures at the ends of neurons.
• 6. Myelin Sheath – insulating coat
which covers the axon. This helps
messages relay faster.
Neuron
Nerves of the Body
Motor Unit
• Motor Unit – A neuron and all the muscles it gives power to.
The Central Nervous System
• 1. The brain
• a. Helps you think, remember,
reason, feel emotion, and
coordinate muscle movement
• b. Divided into three main parts:
cerebrum, cerebellum,
brain stem
The Brain
The Central Nervous System
• 2. The Cerebrum
• a. largest, most complex part of brain
• b. right and left sides communicate with
each other to coordinate movement.
Right controls left side and vice versa.
• c. left hemisphere is for more concrete
thinking
• d. right hemisphere is for abstract
thinking
Are you left or right brained?!
The Central Nervous System
• 3. Four lobes (parts) of the cerebrum
• a. Frontal Lobe –use of language
• b. Parietal Lobe – sensory information,
including feelings of heat, cold, pain,
touch
• c. Occipital Lobe – Controls sense of
sight
• d. Temporal – sense of hearing and smell
Frontal Lobe Exercise:
Unscramble the following
words:
• LLBA
• DLOFER
• EPONH
• PHELNATE
• ICINMDEE
Parietal Lobe Exercise:
1. Blow on your hand
2. Now, puff your
breath on your
hand
Temporal Lobe Exercise:
Whisper down the lane!
Shhhh!
Whisper…
• She sells seashells by the sea shore.
• Eleven owls licked eleven little liquorice
lollipops."
• If two witches were watching two watches,
which witch would watch which watch?“
• If you want to buy, buy, if you don't want to buy,
bye bye!"
Occipital Lobe Exercise:
Lobes of the Brain
The Central Nervous System
• 4. The Cerebellum
• a. second largest part
of brain
• b. maintains body’s posture and
balance
• c. coordinates complex muscle
movements like serving a volleyball
or playing violin
Balancing Competition!!!
The Central Nervous System
• 5. The Brain Stem
• a. 3 inch long stalk of nerve cells that
connect the spinal cord to the rest of
the brain
The Central Nervous System
• b. five parts
• 1. Medulla Oblongata – regulates heartbeat, breathing
rate
• 2. Pons – controls muscles of eyes and face.
• 3. Midbrain – controls pupil size
• 4. Thalamus – relays incoming information from the
eyes, ears, and pressure receptors in skin
• 5. Hypothalamus – regulates body temp, appetite,
sleep
Brain Stem
Activity 1
• Find pulse/HR
• 25 Jumping Jacks!
• Jog in place!
Brain Stem
•1. Medulla Oblongata –
regulates heartbeat, breathing
rate
Activity 2
• Watch the video!
Activity 2
Brain Stem
•2. Pons – controls
muscles of eyes and face.
Activity 3
•Find a partner…
•Look into their eyes!!!
oooooooo
•3. Midbrain – controls
pupil size
Activity 4
• What does a switch board do?
•4. Thalamus – relays
incoming information from
the eyes, ears, and pressure
receptors in skin
Activity 5
• Imagine you are stranded on a cold (20 degree) deserted
island with no supplies, food, or shelter. You haven’t slept in
two days, nor have you ate in two days. How would you be
feeling???
•5. Hypothalamus –
regulates body temp,
appetite, sleep
The Peripheral System
• 1. Broken into two parts
• a. Autonomic Nervous System – controls
involuntary functions such as digestion and heart
rate
• - you cannot control this; it is automatic!
(autonomic)
b. Somatic Nervous System – voluntary
responses that are under your control
- feeling and itch on your skin and scratching it,
or giving someone a high five
The Peripheral System
• 2. Autonomic Nervous System
• a. Broken down into two smaller networks
• b. First part is the Sympathetic nervous system
• Watch these clips…
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqQbIiOtYM
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUDknB2YWM
• Sympathetic Nervous System
• - kicks in when you are startled. Your
heart rate increases. Also, blood vessels
dilate to allow for greater blood flow.
• - “Fight or flight response”
• - Rush of adrenaline
• - Example… You pick! Write one down…
So, how exactly does all this
work?
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdJpLvSTZMU
The Peripheral System
• c. The second part: Parasympathetic
nervous system – opposite of
sympathetic nervous system
• - slows heartbeat, relaxes blood
vessels, lowers blood pressure
Problems of the Nervous
System
• 1. Headaches – caused by muscle
tension, eyestrain, sinus infection,
dehydration, or food allergies
• 2. Head injuries
• a. concussion – a temporary loss of
consciousness
Problems of the Nervous
System
• 3. Spinal Injuries
• a. swelling of spinal cord tissue can
result in temporary loss of nerve
function
• b. if spinal cord is severed, you may
become paralyzed.
Problems of the Nervous
System
• 4. Meningitis – inflammation of the
spinal and cranial meninges caused by
a virus or bacteria
• a. symptoms include fever, headache,
light and sound sensitivity, and neck
stiffness.
• b. can result in death
How to care for/prevent these
problems:
• 1. Eat a well-balanced diet, exercise
regularly, get lots of sleep!
• 2. Wear protective devices – helmet,
seat belt
• 3. Stay away from drugs and
alcohol!!!