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The Central Nervous System
Upload 9.10 Central Nervous System Notes 1
Meninges
1. Definition: Protective membranes between
bone and nervous system soft tissues
2. Made of 3 layers
a. Dura mater (tough mother)
-outermost layer
b. Arachnoid mater (spider mother)
-middle layer
c. Pia mater (delicate mother)
-inner layer
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Read the definition. What structure of the
nervous system is being described?
1. Definition: a clear watery liquid produced
in the ventricles of the brain.
Very Cool Demonstration
-Put a raw egg in a container that is just a
litter larger then the egg.
-Cover and shake the container
What happens to the egg?
-Put a raw egg in a container full of water.
-Cover and shake the container.
What happens to the egg?
What did the water represent?
What functions of CSF were shown in the egg
demo?
Protection and Buoyancy
Not shown: Removal of waste, Endocrine
medium for the brain.
Fun Fact
Fun Fact: How much would a 165 lb person
weigh if they were floating in CSF?
6 pounds
Spinal cord
1. Anatomy:
a. bundle of neurons,
about 17" in length
b. made of 2 types of tissue
1) gray matter- made of nerve cell bodies,
neuroglial cells and blood vessels
2) white matter- made of axons
c. consists of 31 segmentseach segment gives rise to a pair of
spinal nerves
Draw the location of the nerve cell bodies and axons.
2. Physiology
a. conducts nerve impulses
b. serves as a center for spinal reflexes
Time for lab
Find the spinal cord
Structures of a vertebra
Structures of the CNS
THE BRAIN
Upload 9.12
Central Nervous
System Notes 2
DEFINITION:
• The part of the CNS
located within the skull
• composed of 100
billion neurons and
even more glia cells
• weighs 3 pounds
FUNCTION
primary receiver,
organizer and
distributor of
information for the
body
Can you put this in your
own words?
Spinal cord
1. Brain stem:Responsible for basic life
functions such as
•
•
•
Breathing
Heartbeat
Blood pressure
Scientists say that this is the "simplest" part
of human brains because a reptile’s (who
appear early on the evolutionary scale)
entire brain resembles our brain stem.
2
1
Spinal cord
Thalamus
-interprets all senses except smell
-synapses for voluntary movement
Hypothalamus
-controls the autonomic nervous system
-coordinates the nervous and endocrine
systems
3
Cerebrum (7/8 of human brain)
Associated with higher brain functions such as
thought and action.
Divided into 4 lobes
How do we know what each
part of the cerebrum does?
• MRI
• Surgery
Watch
Amazing
Medical
Stories
The surface of the
cerebrum is highly
folded.
Ridges = gyri
Grooves = sulci
Deep grooves=
fissures
What is the purpose
of all these folds?
Folds increase surface area.
Use the pictures to make an analogy.
Left
hemisphere
Right
hemisphere
Sometimes the right
hemisphere is associated with
creativity and the left
hemispheres is associated with
logic abilities.
The corpus callosum is
a bundle of axons which
connects these two
hemispheres.
4
Cerebellum (Little brain)
-associated with regulation and coordination of
movement, posture, and balance
What happens when our movements are not fine
tuned? Link
Just for fun
Answer the rest of the questions on your
sheet.
1. By the time you were born you lost _____
of the neurons you had as a fetus.
A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 50%
2. As a teenager you ( lose / gain ) neurons
as your body streamlines itself for optimal
function.
3. Your brain is an energy hog. It occupies
2% of your body but uses _____ of your
energy when you are at rest.
A. 10%
C. 50%
B. 20%
D. 75%
4. The more you repeat something the more
brain space is dedicated to it. For example,
in musicians the part of the brain that
controls fingers used to play an instrument is
up to 130% larger than in a non-musician.
True or False?
5. Once you learn a task your brain shuffles
it to a lower level of consciousness to save
energy. If you move it into a conscious level
you may make a mistake. True or False?
6. Stress can shrink your brain.
True or False?
Brain Health
7. Caffeine
8. Glucose
9. A healthy breakfast
(whole grains, dairy, fruit)
10. Fish
11. Nuts and chocolate
12. Avocados and
whole grains
13. Blueberries
A. Perform better than your peers by
increasing short-term memory and
attention
B. Eat 2 servings a week to gain omega 3
fatty acids for proper brain
development and enhanced memory
C. Protect your brain from free-radicals
and increase your ability to learn
D. Contain antioxidants that prevent
cognitive decline
E. In small quantities can boost energy
and help you focus
F. Get the blood flowing to the brain with
these foods
G. Offers short-term boost to memory,
thinking processes, and mental ability
In addition to eating healthy…
1.
2.
3.
4.
Get a good nights sleep
Stay hydrated
Exercise
Reduce stress