Transcript Somatic nervous system

The Nervous
System
Perry C. Hanavan, Au.D.
Learning Outcomes
• Outline the basic anatomy of the nervous system
• Understand anatomical divisions:
– Central nervous system
– Peripheral nervous system
• Understand functional divisions:
– Somatic nervous system
– Autonomic nervous system
• Explain the functions of the major structures of
the nervous system
Question
Which of the following is a part of the
peripheral nervous system?
A. Brain
B. Spinal nerves
C. Spinal cord
D. Cranial nerves
Senteo Question
E. B and D
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Anatomical divisions
CENTRAL
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
PERIPHERAL
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
BRAIN
SPINAL CORD
CRANIAL NERVES
To & from brain
SPINAL NERVES
To & from spinal cord
The nervous system
brain
spinal
cord
peripheral
nerves
Role of the nervous system
• To monitor the internal and external environment
of the body
• To process this information
• To direct behaviour and body processes
Question
The skeletal muscles belong to the:
A. SNS
B. ANS
C. CNS
D. I have no idea
Senteo Question
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Functional divisions
Somatic nervous system: voluntary, controls skeletal muscle
Autonomic nervous system: involuntary, controls smooth muscle
Neurons
Synaptic Junction
Glial Cell:
Astrocyte - Provides Transport of
Nutrients to Neuron – Shields Toxins
Excitatory/Inhibitory
Types of Neurons
Meningeal Linings of Brain
Features of the PNS (1)
peripheral nerve
• Structure of a
peripheral nerve
epineurium
perineurium
nerve
fibre
• Bundles of axons
packaged together
endoneurium
myelin sheath
axon
• Carry motor, sensory
and autonomic info
Features of the PNS (2)
Nerve
Afferent
Efferent
Ganglion
Features of the PNS (3)
Matter
grey matter
white matter
Brain
cerebral
hemisphere
cerebellum
brainstem
View from Below
Lobes
touch, pain, temperature
sensation
planning, emotion,
mood, behaviour,
motor function,
smell
vision
balance, coordination
hearing, language,
memory
basic body functions
Brain
Meninges
Brain Ventricles
Produce and contain CSF
CSF circulates to subarachnoid space
Spinal Cord
Spinal Cord
a = ganglion
vertebral
body
nerve
root
intervertebral
foramen
spinal
cord
a
Neurons
Ventricles
Cerebral Cortex
Brodmann Map
Motor Strip
Limbic System
MRI
Cerebral Cortex
Functional Divisions Display
Basal Ganglia
Limbic System
Brainstem
Brainstem
Midbrain
Cranial Nerves
• I-Olfactory, II-Optic, III-Oculomotor, IVTrochlear, V-Trigeminal, VI-Abducens, VIIFacial, VIII-Acoustic (Vestibulocochlear),
IX-Glossophrayngeal, X-Vagus, XI-Spinal
Accessory, XII-Hypoglossal
• On Old Olympus Towering Tops, A Finn
And German Viewed Some (A) Hop(s)
• Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother
Says Big Bucks Makes Money
Cranial
Nerve
SM
B
Function
Innervation
Symptom/sign of
damage
I
Olfactory
S
Smell
Mucosa of nose
Anosmia
II
Optic
S
Vision
Retina of eye
Blindness
III Oculomotor
M
Eye
Eye muscles
movement
(elevation,
adduction)
Eye deviates down &
out
Pupillary/accommodati
on reflexes absent
IV Trochlear
M
Eye
movement
Diplopia, lateral
deviation of eye
Eye muscle
Cranial
Nerve
S
M
B
Function
Innervation
Symptom/sign of
damage
V
Trigeminal
B
Facial
sensation
Mastication
Sensory:
Cutaneous senses
of face, eyes, scalp,
nasal mucosa,
teeth, and anterior
2/3rd of tongue
Motor: mastication
Facial aneasthesia
Loss of pain sensation
Weakness/loss of
mastication
VI
Abducens
M
Eye
movement
(abduction)
Eye muscle
Medial eye deviation
VII
Facial
B
Facial
expresssion
Taste
Salivation
Lacrimation
Motor: Muscles of
facial expression
and scalp
Sensory: Taste
from anterior 2/3rds
of tongue
Paralysis of facial nerve
muscles
Loss of taste (anterior
2/3rds of tongue)
Dry mouth, loss of
lacrimation
VIII
Auditory/Ves
tibular
S
Balance
Hearing
Semicircular canals
and utricle and
saccule
Cochlea
Vertigo, dysequilibrium,
nystagmus
Hearing loss
Cranial
Nerve
S
M
B
IX
Glossophary
ngeal
B
Taste
Salivation
Innervation
of pharynx
Sensory: Posterior
1/3rd of tongue
Motor: Mucosa and
elevator muscles of
pharynx and parotid
gland
Loss of taste
(posterior 1/3rd of
tongue)
Insignificant
Loss of gag reflex
X
Vagus
B
Swallowing &
talking
Cardiac, GI
tract,
respiration
Taste
Motor: Palatal
muscles, pharyngeal
constrictors, vocal
cords
Sensory: Taste
sensation to epiglottis
Dysphagia &
hoarseness of voice
Loss of cough reflex
(larynx/pharynx), loss
of taste (hard palate)
XI
Spinal
accessory
M
Pharynx/lary
nx muscles
Neck &
shoulder
movement
Laryngeal and
pharyngeal muscles
Head rotation and
shoulder shrugging
Head turning/shoulder
shrugging weakness
M
Tongue
movement
Intrinsic and extrinsic
muscles of tongue
Atrophy of tongue
muscles, deviation on
protrusion,
fasciculations
XII Hypoglossal
Function
Innervation
Symptom/sign of
damage
Olfaction I
Optic II
Oculomotor III
Trigeminal V
VII Facial Nerve
Auditory VIII
Spinal Accessory XI
• CERVICAL SPINAL
NERVES:
• c345 keeps the
phrenic alive
(innervation of
phrenic nerve) c345
keep the diaphragm
alive (innervation of
diaphragm)
• c5-6-7 raise your
arms to heaven
(nerve roots of long
thoracic nerve
innervate serratus
anterior)
Patellar Reflex
Anterior Spinothalmic Tract
• Sense of light touch
(sensory)
Upper Motor Neuron
Corticospinal Pathway
Corticobulbar Pathway