Transcript Time and Periodicity

Time and Periodicity
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Phase
Amplitude
Period
Frequency
Time
Smartness of neurons in big brains
– Each neuron is ‘less smart’,
contributes less to whole
– Less communication with rest of brain
– Overall load can be increased,
with division of labor
Top-Down
• [P.21] Common terms for cognitive processes?
– Aristotle->Descartes, Locke, Hume->
• (!) as hypothetical, works in progress
– William James’ list of mind still comprises modern
ontology of cognition/behaviour:
• Attention, conception, association, memory, perception,
reasoning, instinct, emotions,
– [p.22] “concepts can be verified or rejected only by
studying mechanisms”
Top-Down
• [P.21] Common terms for cognitive processes?
– Aristotle->Descartes, Locke, Hume->
• (!) as hypothetical contructs, works in progress
– William James’ list of mind still comprises modern
ontology of cognition/behaviour:
• Attention, conception, association, memory, perception,
reasoning, instinct, emotions,
– [p.22] “concepts can be verified or rejected only by
studying mechanisms”
Top-Down
• Turing; artificial intelligence
– What our cognitive science has found out about
the mind is mostly that we don’t know how it
works. (Fodor)
Bottom-up
• [p.24]To understand brain function
– 1. Dynamic structural organization
– 2. Physiology of its parts
– 3. Mode of operation (Nature of sum of parts)
or
• Structure defines function
(reverse engineering)
Bottom-up
• [p.24] Brain waves are a collective-order
parameter
• But if brain is non-linear (complex), will
parts yield understanding of whole?
Emergent properties?
Outside-in
• [p.26] Sensory stimuli evoke responses in
single neurons…BUT problems include…
-Inside-out
• Never mind grand purpose or what is ‘out
there’, just see what groups of neurons do,
and determine causal agents.