Transcript Brain Power Point

Biological Basis of
Behavior
So our brain chemistry and
make-up is responsible for
our behavior?
Ways to study the brain
CT Scans
MRI Scans
- radio waves are used to create
brain images
MRI
Pet Scans
- Injecting radiation into the
bloodstream to identify where
the activity is In the brain
PET Scan of the Brain
The Nervous System
I. The Neuron
- structural and
functional unit of the
nervous system
Three Parts of the
Neuron
Dendrite, Cell body, Axon
The Parts of the Neuron
1. Dendrites
- receive incoming messages
to the nerve cell
- resemble tree branches
Cell Body
- contains nucleus
Axon
--
conducts impulses away from
the nerve cell to other neurons
Axon continued
-Myelin Sheath
-fatty material that covers the
axon and insulates it which
increases conduction speed
Axon continued
Nodes of ranvier
-spaces between the
myelin sheath where
information can
become depolarized ( get
lost)
Terminal Buttons (end bulb)
- holds chemicals which
communicate with other
neurons by firing information
across the synapse to the next
cell body, organ or muscle
Synapse
-
a very small space in between
the end bulb and it’s adjacent
cell , organ or muscle
a. Transmitters - a chemical
messenger between cells/neurons
Examples of neurotransmittersseratonin, GABA, dopamine
- excitatory
- chemical locks open
and neurons are turned on
- inhibitory
- chemical locks are
closed and neurons turn off
b. Receptors
- special areas on the dendrite
that function like a chemical
lock
• Seratonin is the brain chemical
that is associated with moods,
concentration and attention
Thinking about the information in
the last slides, explain what
happens in the brain with
people who are depressed
Central Nervous System
• Made up of the Brain and the
spine
• Responsible for all things that
involve thinking
Brain
• Made up of glial cells
• - they support the neurons
• neurons
Spine
Peripheral nervous
system
• Deals with functions outside of
the brain and spine
• Made up of nerves
Somatic Nervous
system
• Controls voluntary activities
Such as…
• Afferent receptors- sensory
• Efferent receptors- motor
Autonomic Nervous
system
• Controls involuntary responses
such as heart rate
Sympathetic Nervous
system
Sympathetic
- prepares the body for strenuous
activity
• - ex- speeds heart rate
Parasympathetic
- works to conserve energy in the
body and return it to its normal
state
Types of Neurons
a. Sensory or Afferent neurons
- transmit messages from
sensory receptors to the brain
and spine
a.Inter neurons
- located entirely
within the brain and
spinal cord, intervene
between sensory and
motor neurons
C. Motor or Efferent Neurons
- transmit impulses from sensory or
inter neurons to muscle cells that
contract or gland cells that secrete
(sends messages away from the
brain)
• Using information learned in
class, explain what happens
when you touch a hot stove
Reflexes
• Refelx arc- the passage of
information through the neurons
Testing reflexes
• Planter
• Patellar
• Pupillary
Find a partner!
• Babinski reflex
Major Regions of the
Brain
Mid Brain
- forwards Information from the
spine
- Involves visual and auditory
reflexes
Midbrain continued
• - contains the reticular
formation which arouses the
forebrain
Hindbrain
• Three major parts
Pons
Cerebellum
Medulla
Pons
links spine and brain
(bridge)
- involved in facial
expression and sleep
-
Medulla
- regulates basic functions
such as breathing and blood
pressure
Too much alcohol or depressants
suppress functions of the
medulla and can cause death
Cerebellum
- coordinates movements
- necessary for balance, timed
motor responses
Forebrain
Made up of the limbic system and
the Cerebral cortex ( cerebrum)
Cerebrum
Surface area of the brain
a. gyri- folds on surface of brain
b. sulci- inward folds on
brain(valleys)
c. fissures- deep cavities in the
brain
The Hemispheres
• The Corpus Callusom
- connects the right and left
hemisphere
Right Hemisphere
Function
- creative, holistic, emotional,
musical, creative, prefers to
draw/handle things
- controls
- the left side of the body
The left brain
Left
- function
- sequential, logical,
remembers names, timeoriented, mathematical, takes
one thing at a time, language
- controls
the right side of the body
• Pieces of the mind- man with 2
brains
• www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfG
wsAdS9Dc
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=lfGwsAdS9Dc
Frontal lobe
- motor movement and cognitive
functions such as decision
making, moral behavior,
appropriateness
Frontal lobe continued
- motor cortex (strip)
back edge of frontal lobe,
controls voluntary movements
Frontal lobe continued
- Broca's area
combines sounds into words
and words into sentences
- damage causes Broca's
aphasia which means…
Parietal lobe
- processing sensory
information
-
Parietal lobe continued
somatosensory cortex (strip)
processes sensory info about
touch, pain and temperature
located at the front edge of the
parietal lobe
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/
brain/
Temporal
-
hearing, understanding verbal
and written material, speaking
coherently
- primary auditory cortex
- transfers noises into vowels
consonants and music into
notes
- auditory association area
- transfers vowels, consonants
and notes into music and words
Temporal lobe
continued
- Wernick's area
- speaking and understanding
speech
- damage causes…
- Usually in the left hemisphere
Temporal- green
Occipital lobe
- Processes visual information such as
recognizing objects, animals and
people
- primary visual cortex
- transfers electrical signals
into light, line, colors and
textures
- visual association area
- transfers info from the P.V.C.
into meaningful objects such as
shapes
The limbic system
the core of the forebrain
1. Thalamus
- relays info to the cortex
2. Hypothalamus
- regulates
motivational behaviors
such as eating, drinking
- regulates body functions
3. Amygdala
- activated by emotions, self
preservation
4. Hippo campus
- stores memory
5. Septum
- rage and feelings of
pleasure
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