Transcript Document

Nervous System II
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Meninges and Cerebro-spinal fluid (CFS)
Autonomic Function
Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.
Spinal Cord Cross Section
Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.
Spinal Cord Cross Section
(drawing on handout--showing reflex arc)
White matter (myelinated “tracts”)
Gray matter (cell bodies)
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Ventral horn--motor neurons
Dorsal horn--interneurons for sensory
Dorsal Root--sensory
Ventral Root--motor
Spinal Nerve
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Dorsal Ramus (to dorsal mm., skin)
Ventral Ramus (to ventral limbs mm., skin)
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Sensory Neuron
Somatic Motor Neuron
Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.
Spinal nerve
(cross section through thorax--on handout)
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Ventral root
Spinal Nerve
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Dorsal Ramus
Ventral Ramus
(Where would you find the ventral ramus
relative to the ribs)
(Look for lateral cutaneous nerves on your
cat!!)
Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.
Spinal Cord showing meninges
Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.
What are meninges?
Connective tissues around spinal cord
For protection
For nutrition
Three layers
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Pia mater
Arachnoid mater
Dura mater
Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.
Pia mater
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(deep)
delicate
highly vascular
adheres to brain/sp cd tissue
Subarachnoid space (where CSF flows)
Arachnoid mater (middle)
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impermeable layer = barrier
raised off pia mater by rootlets
Spinal Dura Mater
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single dural sheath
Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Why double innervation?
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Paraympathetic keeps “normal” rhythms,
functioning--all calm
Sympathetic is “fight or flight” fear
response
Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.
How are Para/Sympa different?
Parasympathetic Sympathetic
Location
Cranial, sacral
Thoracic,
Lumbar
Ganglia
In target organs
Close to spinal
cord
NeuroTransmitter
Effect
Acetylcholine
(calmer)
Norepinephrine
(adrenalin!!)
Table 15.2
For details
Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.
Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.