Transcript Slide 1
Nervous System
Some Interesting Facts
• 85 billion (85,000,000,000) neurons in the human brain.
• 3,000 years one cell/second
• 1 neuron cell body = 10 microns wide
85,000,000,000 neurons = 850 km
• If you use a basketball (diameter = ~24 cm) as the cell body, then
your axon would have to be 240,000 cm (2.4 kilometers)
in length!
► A baby's brain is a mystery.
► The mystery begins in the womb -- only four weeks into
gestation the first brain cells, the neurons, are already
forming at an astonishing rate: 250,000 every minute.
► Billions of neurons will form links with billions of other
neurons and eventually there will be trillions and trillions of
connections between cells.
► Every cell is precisely in its place, every link between neurons
carefully organized. Nothing is random, nothing by chance.
CNS Development
Functions of the Nervous System
1. Sensory input
changes = stimuli
2. Integration
processing
3. Motor output
response to stimuli
(The response activates muscles or glands)
Neuron
Extensions
outside the cell
body
Dendrites –
toward the cell
body
Axons –
away from the
cell body
Figure 7.4a
Slide 7.10
Neurons
Glial Cells
Figure 12.2b
Anatomy of the Nervous System
Central nervous system (CNS)
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Nerve outside the brain and spinal cord
Slide 7.2
Central nervous system (CNS)
– Brain
– Spinal cord
CNS is protected by
• Bone
• Meninges
• CSF
Bone
Meninges
CSF
Spinal cord
LP?
CSF ?
Structure of spinal cord
• Roots
dorsal, ventral
• Horns
anterior, posterior, lateral
• Columns
anterior, posterior, lateral
Spinal Cord
Gray
Matter
Dorsal
White
Matter
Central
Canal
Ventral
Gray Matter
Horns
Dorsal
Lateral
Ventral
v
v
• Root
dorsal, ventral
• Nerve
• Ramus/Brunch
anterior, posterior
Spinal Cord White Matter
Dorsal
Ventral
White
Matter
Ascending (Sensory)
touch & conscious proprioception
unconscious proprioception
Figure 16.1
pain & temperature
Descending (motor)
Muscle balance
Muscle movement
Brain