Transcript Biological Models

Introduction to
Clinical Psychology
Science, Practice and Ethics
Chapter 4
Biological Models in Clinical
Psychology
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Development
Electricity and the Nervous System
 Phrenology
 The case of Phineas Gage
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Key Assumptions
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The Brain and the Nervous System
Hormone action versus nerve impulse
 The Human Brain
 Neurons
 The Nerve Impulse
 The Synapse
 Neurotransmitters
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The Neuron
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Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
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Terminal Buttons
Synapse
Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter removal
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Enzymes break down chemical
Reabsorption or reuptake
Diffusion into surrounding environment
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Neurotransmitters
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Schizophrenia
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Depression & Anxiety
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Dopamine
Serotonin
Pharmacological Treatments
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e.g., Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
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Brain Structure and Function
Meninges
 Hindbrain
 Midbrain
 Forebrain
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Behavioral Genetics
Gregor Mendal
 Human Genetics
 Monozygotic and dizygotic twins
 Family Trees and Human Pedigrees
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Family, Twin and Adoption Studies
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Family studies
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proband
Twin Studies
Monozygotic (MZ)
 Dizygotic (DZ)
 Concordance
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Adoption Studies
 Twin-Adoption Studies
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Case Example: Schizophrenia
Lifetime prevalence – 1%
 Prevalence rate in first degree relatives
greater than 5% to 10%
 Concordance rate for MZ twins higher than
for DZ twins
 Concordance rate for MZ twins is slightly
less than 50%
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Biological Models: Influences on
Clinical Psychology
Integration of biological factors in models
of psychopathology (biopsychosocial
models)
 Acceptance of pharmacological therapy
 Integration of biological factors into
psychological treatments
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Combined treatments
 Coping models
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Pursuit of prescription privileges
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