Transcript The Brain - Wando High School

Chapter 3: Module 08
The Brain
Brain
Module 8: The Brain
4 Lower-Level
Brain Structures:
#1: Brainstem
 Oldest
part of the brain
 Spinal cord and brain meet
 Automatic survival functions
Medulla
 Base
of brainstem
 Controls life-supporting functions
 Damage = Death.
Reticular Formation
 Nerve
network up and down
spinal cord.
 Controls level of alertness.
 Damage = Coma.
#2: Thalamus
 Sits
atop the brainstem
 Brain’s sensory switchboard
 All senses except smell!
#3: Cerebellum
 Controls
balance, muscle
coordination and memories
on how to use your body.


Walking
Playing guitar
 Damage
= Loss of fine
coordination skills.
#4: Limbic System
 Hypothalamus

Regulates eating, drinking, body temperature and the
fight or flight reaction to stress.
 Hippocampus

Processes new memories for
permanent storage.
 Amygdala

Controls emotional responses such
as fear and anger
The Amazing Human Brain!!!
 Film
Time….
 http://player.discoveryeducation.com/in
dex.cfm?guidAssetId=9BE0695B-36654189-84C8-A747E4E5FE8C
Module 8: The Brain
The Cerebral
Cortex
Cerebral Cortex
 Control
and information processing center
 Contains 30 billion nerve cells
 Divided into 4 lobes
Longitudinal, Central, Lateral
Fissures
 Divides
brain into hemispheres
 Called lobes
Parietal Lobes
 Processing
and mathematical reasoning
 “Sensory Strip”

Band that registers
and provides
sensations
Occipital Lobe
 Interprets
visual information
 Located in the back of the head
Temporal Lobes
 Hearing
and some speech functions.
Phineas Gage
 Film
Time….
 http://www.pbs.org/saf/1302/video/watc
honline.htm
 http://www.learner.org/resources/series1
42.html
Module 8: The Brain
Hemispheric
Differences:
Language and
Spatial Abilities
Frontal Lobes
 Making
plans and judgments
 “Motor Strip”

Band that controls
bodily movements
Right Hemisphere
 Spatial
abilities
 Art, Music, Emotions
 Connections between words
 Perceive, organize, distance
Left Hemisphere
 Language
functions (speech)
 2 important parts of left brain:


Broca’s area
Wernicke’s area
Broca’s Area
 Left
frontal lobe
 Expressive language; muscle movement
 Damaged = form ideas but not express
them as speech

Ex. A stroke
Wernicke’s Area
 Left
temporal lobe
 Controls receptive language; our ability
to understand what someone else says
Half the Brain…
 Film
Time….
 http://www.pbs.org/saf/1302/video/watc
honline.htm

Neuron- a nerve cell that transmits electrical and
chemical information.
--Dendrites: part of the neuron that receives info.
from the
axon.
--Axons: carries messages to dendrites of another
neuron.
--Synapse: junction point of two or more neurons.
--Vesicles: bubble-like containers of
neurotransmitters; located at ends of axons.
--Neurotransmitters: chemicals in the ends of
neurons that send information across synapses.

Central Nervous System- made up of the brain and
spinal cord.
--Spinal Cord: can act as a brain itself activating nerve
impulses before we know it. (reflex)

Peripheral Nervous System- all nerves other than
those in the central nervous system.
2 Parts—
1) Somatic- composed of sensory & motor nerves.
2) Autonomic- automatic control system of body
(breathing,
heart rate, digestion, etc.)
A. Sympathetic- energizes & prepares for
emergencies
B. Parasympathetic- conserves bodily energy &
gets system back in balance.
The End
PET Scan of Wernicke’s Area
PET Scan of Broca’s Area
Broca’s Area
This is the brain of “Tan” from whom Broca discovered the area for speech.
Note the damage to Broca’s Area.
Thinking About
Psychology:
The Science of Mind
and Behavior
Ms. McDonald
Module 8: The Brain
Brain Plasticity
Plasticity
 The
ability of the brain tissue to take on
new functions
 Greatest in childhood
 Important if parts of the brain are
damaged or destroyed
 Play
“Image-Guided Surgery” (13:07)
Segment #6 from Scientific American
Frontiers: Video Collection for
Introductory Psychology (2nd edition).
Hemispheric Differences
 “Left-brained”
vs. “right-brained”
 Divided into two hemispheres but works
as a single entity.
 Both sides continually communicate via
the corpus callosum.
Name of Concept
 Use
this slide to add a concept to the
presentation
Name of Concept
Use this slide to add a table, chart, clip art, picture, diagram, or video clip. Delete
this box when finished
The Brain’s Right Hemisphere
 Spatial
abilities; connections between words
 To perceive or organize things in a given
space, judge distance, understand geometric
objects, etc.
 Helps in making
connections
between
words
Motor Cortex
 Area
at the rear of the frontal lobes
 Controls voluntary movement
 Different parts of the cortex control
different parts of the body.
 The motor cortex in the left hemisphere
controls the right side of the body and
visa versa.
Somatosensory Cortex
 Located
in the front of the parietal lobes
 Registers and processes body senses
 Soma is Greek for “body.”
Brainstem and Thalamus
The Frontal Lobe
 Play
“The Frontal Lobes: Cognition and
Awareness” (9:05) Segment #7 from
The Mind: Psychology Teaching
Modules (2nd edition).
Brain Structures – Cerebral Cortex
 Insert
“Brain Structures” Video #2c
from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for
Psychology.
 Instructions for importing the video file
can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the
CD-ROM.
Brain Structures – Cerebral Cortex
 Insert
“Brain Structures” Video #2d
from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for
Psychology
 Instructions for importing the video file
can be found in the “Readme” file on
the CD-ROM.
Brain Structures – Cerebral Cortex
 Insert
“Brain Structures” Video #2e
from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for
Psychology.
 Instructions for importing the video file
can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the
CD-ROM.
Brain Structures – Cerebral Cortex
 Insert
“Brain Structures” Video #2f
from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for
Psychology.
 Instructions for importing the video file
can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the
CD-ROM.
Split Brain Patient
 Play
“The Divided Brain” (6:46)
Module #5 from The Brain: Teaching
Modules (2nd edition).
Language and the Brain
 Play
“Language Centers in the Brain”
(3:39) Segment #16 from Psychology:
The Human Experience.
Broca’s and Wernicke’s Areas
 Play
“Language and Speech: Broca’s
and Wernicke’s Areas” (7:44) Module
#6 from The Brain: Teaching Modules
(2nd edition).
Brain Specialization
 Insert
“Brain Imaging” Video #2b from
Worth’s Digital Media Archive for
Psychology.
 Instructions for importing the video file
can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the
CD-ROM.
Brain Plasticity
 If
desired, play “A Case Study of Brain
Damage” (5:18) Segment #4 from
Psychology: The Human Experience.
This clip provides an introduction for
segment #5 on Brain Plasticity.
 Play “Brain Plasticity” (6:21) Segment
#5 from Psychology: The Human
Experience.
Brain Plasticity
 Play
“Brain Anomaly and Plasticity:
Hydrocephalus” (7:02) Module #7 from
The Brain: Teaching Modules (2nd
edition).
Corpus Callosum
 Tand
of neural fibers that connects the
two brain hemispheres and carries
messages between them
 Is sometimes cut to prevent seizures
Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Cortex