Transcript Fascism Timeline

Fascism Timeline
Peter Paletta and Graeme McIntyre
The Weimar Republic
• February 1919 – New assembly in Germany established
• 1923 – Germany claims they can not pay reparations.
France invades the Ruhr Valley to try and force Germany to
pay. Inflation destroying German currency
• May 1924 – Election, Support for the Weimar Republic
faded
• 1924 – Reparations were reduced
• 1925 – Border problems were settled between Germany
and France
• 1926 – Germany joined the League of Nations
• 1929 – Stock market crash causes depression, Nazis took
advantage and started gaining support
Weimar Republic
Hitler and Nazi Germany
• 1889 – Hitler is born
• 1909-1913 – Hitler went to Vienna to study art but his admission
was rejected. He lived on the streets of Vienna and could not hold a
job
• 1914-1918 – Hitler joined the German military and fought in the
first world war
• 1919 – Hitler joined a group called German Workers’ Party, which
was changed to Nationalist Socialist German Workers’ Party. Hitler
became leader of Nazis
• 1921 – The SA (Storm Troopers) was organized
• 1923 – Hitler thought that because of the inflation and the French
occupation of Ruhr weakened the Republic enough for him to take
over
• November 8, 1923 – Meeting in Munich beer hall was attended by
government officials, Hitler proclaimed his plan to overthrow the
government and was arrested. He was sentenced to a 5 years of
imprisonment but was released in less than 1
Hitler and Nazi Germany Cont.
• 1925 – Hitler was released from prison. Reorganized his party,
developed the SS (defence corps) Hitler’s personal body guard
• 1928 – Election, Nazis received less than 3% of the vote
• 1930 – Election, Nazis second largest party with 18% of votes
• 1932 – Election, Nazis largest party with 37% of vote
• 1933 – Hitler had his army burn any educational books that teach
ideas that were against Nazism, and Hitler had the ideology of Nazis
taught in school
• January 30, 1933 – Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany and
Nazis come to power
• February 27, 1933 – Hitler and his army used the threat of
communism to defeat his political enemies. The building of his
political enemies was set on fire, and they blamed the communists
and this allowed Hitler to convince the President to suspend many
of the civil rights of the people
• March 5, 1933 – Hitler used the SA to intimidate his opponents in
the election. The combination of the seats the Nazi Party and the
Nationalist Party won brought them up to 52% of the vote
Hitler and Nazi Germany Cont.
• March 23, 1933 – Enabling Act passed that allowed Hitler dictatorial
powers and destroyed the Weimar Republic
• May 1933 – End of free activities of trade unions; 6 million people
did not have jobs because of the depression
• July 1933 – Law passed that stated the only political party allowed
to exist in Germany was the Nazi party
• January 30, 1934 – Abolished the powers of the states and gave all
the powers to the central government
• June 30, 1934 – Hitler feared the SA would rise up against the Nazis.
Hitler arrested many of the members of the SA and had them killed
• August 1934 – The president of Germany died and Hitler combined
the roles of chancellor and president and put himself in charge,
calling himself der Fuhrer. He had soldiers take oaths of allegiance
to Hitler. Hitler immediately started the persecution of Jews
Hitler and Nazi Germany Cont.
• 1935 – Nuremberg Laws passed. The laws took away the German
citizenship of Jews, took away the jobs of Jews and excluded them
from most of cultural life in Germany Nazis also Persecuted Gypsies
and Germans they considered enemies. Also, the Nazis persecuted
Germans with disabilities, criminals, and juvenile offenders, and
called it “sterilizing.” Hitler set up a public works program that
expanded the economy and was going to help people get jobs.
• 1937 – 200,000 people had been “sterilized.” Hitler had his army
attack catholic organizations because he thought Christianity was
for the weak. Hitler had put over 800 Catholics into concentration
camps.
• 1938 – All Jewish businesses were closed. The majority of German
people that lost their jobs had found new jobs because of the public
works program and this gave Hitler even more support from the
citizens of Germany.
• 1939 – Germany had become a totalitarian state and Hitler was well
supported and had no opposition
Hitler and Nazi Germany
Hitler and Nazi Germany Video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ckrk1iqYdf
M&feature=related
Mussolini and Fascist Italy
• 1883 – Benito Mussolini was born
• 1917 – Served in the army
• 1919-1920 – Italy was on the verge of revolution but the
government could not do anything because the government was
divided.
• 1919 – Fascism started by Benito Mussolini. Middle and upper class
people looked to Fascism to defend their interests. He wanted to
create combination of Social radicalism with extreme nationalism
• November 1919 – Election, Fascists got only 5000 votes
• 1921 – Fascio(Squads of people that started campaigns of violence
against socialists). The squads killed 102 in the first 6 months. Fascio
had 250,000 members and Mussolini was able to get them to
support the Fascist movement
• October 24, 1922 – Political deadlock in Italy, so Mussolini decided
that he would march on Rome. When he got into the city of Rome
the king gave the position of prime minister to Mussolini.
Mussolini and Fascist Italy Cont.
• 1923 – Passed an electoral law that stated the party that won the
most votes and 25% of the total vote would get 2/3 the seats.
• April 1924 – Election, Fascists used intimidation and violence to get
people to vote for them. Fascists got 63% of the vote.
• November 1925 – Laws passed that gave the majority of control to
the Fascists
• December 1925 – Mussolini became the head of government. This
allowed him to make decisions without being responsible to
parliament
• December 1928 – Fascist party takes full control of Italy
• 1929 – The Roman Catholic Church was against the state of Italy
since it was unified. Mussolini and Pope Pius XI signed The Lateran
Agreements that settled the differences between Italy and the
Vatican.
Mussolini and Fascist Italy Cont.
• 1930-1937 – Mussolini started to change the country. He started to
pass laws that mostly favoured the wealthy class of people, even
though it appeared that he was concerned about everyone’s well
being. Mussolini was setting up organizations to get the people of
Italy to support him. These organizations included the Opera
Nazionale Balilla, which was a youth organization that got kids to
support Fascism. This organization was meant to “create Fascist
soldiers, conservators of national values, and to secure the military
garrison of the new Italy.” He also set up an organization for adults
that gave them activities to do after work. Fascist Italy and Nazi
Germany started to work together.
• 1938 – Fascism took on many of the ideals of Nazism. Laws were
passed that took away the rights of Jews in Italy.
Mussolini and Fascist Italy
Mussolini and Fascist Italy Video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3zCbLEhQ
1Lo
Franco and Spain
• September 1923 – Democracy is destroyed in Spain. General Miguel
Primo de Rivera y Obaneja wanted to have a political system like
Mussolini had set up in Italy. He failed to do this.
• April 1931 – A coalition of republicans and socialists won the
election in Spain
• April 14,1931 – Spain’s second Republic created
• 1932-1933 – The new republic tried to reform the country.
• November 1933 – The reforming of the country was angering many
people and there was a political division. The division became more
distinct as the right-wing coalition won the election. The coalition
then started to reverse all the things the republican-socialists tried
to reform.
• February 1936 – Election, a coalition known as the Popular Front
was against local and regional parties. The Popular Front won the
election and set up an entirely republic cabinet. Military leaders
started to plan to overthrow the party.
Franco and Spain Cont.
• July 17, 1936 – The plan to overthrow the Popular Front was put
into effect and lead to the civil war.
• 1936-1937 – The civil war split the military and police forces in half.
One half remained loyal to the government and the other half
rebelled and appealed to Hitler and Mussolini for help and they
agreed. Hitler’s and Mussolini’s help allowed General Francisco
Franco’s Army of Africa, the rebels most successful fighting force, to
be moved to the Spanish mainland’s. Italy and Germany sent
supplies, troops, planes, tanks, and military advisors to be used by
Franco. The republican tried to get support from their allies but
they would not help because they were afraid of angering Hitler.
The only people that would help was the Soviet Union.
• 1937-1938 – Franco had merged all the political parties under his
control. The republicans were unable to exert control over the
country. The plans to overthrow the Republicans and the civil war
caused the largest social revolution since the Russian Revolution of
1917.
• April 1, 1939 – The republicans resign.
Franco and Spain
Franco and Spain Video
• http://ca.youtube.com/watch?v=HX_-faiNTVU
Bibliography
• The West and the World – Arthur Haberman
and Adrian Shubert