Transcript the tide turns - WVW World History

WORLD WAR II COMES TO GERMANY
Causes of US entering WWII
Military Support of
Allies -Neutrality
Act and Lend-Lease
allow US to supply
Britain with war
goods
German Sub
Attacks on US
naval destroyers
while escorting
British ships
Japanese
Imperialism –
US economic
sanctions
against Japan
to protest
aggression
December 7, 1941
Japan attacks Pearl
Harbor
US Enters WWII
December 8, 1941
Pearl Harbor
► Japan was working on expanding empire
throughout the Pacific
►The U.S. had a trade embargo on Japan to
try and deter Japan from invading countries
►U.S. was able to intercept and break Japan's
secret codes
►Intercepted the code about Pearl Harbor sent the message on a slower telegram (by
accident) to warn U.S. Navy about attack
Pearl Harbor Continued
It was a Sunday morning - U.S. military was taken off
guard
2 full blown attacks on Pearl Harbor December 7,
1941
Impact/Damage on U.S.
►o
►o
►o
2,400 U.S. military and civilians lost their lives
1,178 U.S. military and civilians wounded
18 ships and 350 planes sunk or damaged
Pearl Harbor Continued
►Japan viewed as a stunning victory
►December 8, 1941, U.S. declares war on Japan
►December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declare war
on U.S.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1kixqRwvK0- 7 minutes
THE TIDE TURNS
 When 1942 began, the Axis Powers(Germany, Italy,
Japan) were dominant in their respective areas. As the
year went on it was apparent that their success and
victory in the war was in doubt. The Allied
Powers(Britain, USSR, USA)coordinated their efforts
and developed a strategy for victory. The entire
direction of the war had changed.
The Great
Mobilization
Men prepared for war as
industries turned to
manufacturing war materials
to support the Allied armies.
ALLIED STRATEGY
 To attack the Germans Europe would be a difficult task.
 Dieppe Raid-August 19, 1942 approximately 5000
Canadians, British and Americans attacked the small
French port of Dieppe. The ineffective landing of 27 tanks
and the discovery of the invasion by the Germans made its
failure inevitable.
 Over 3000 of the invaders never returned.
 This failure showed the Allies that to invade Europe and
defeat the Nazis would take more planning and materials.
DIEPPE RAID
ALLIED STRATEGY
 Where should the Allies strike?
 The Allies evaluated their enemies and decided that
Nazi Germany was the greatest threat in the war. The
Allies also concluded that the weakest of the Axis
Powers was Fascist Italy. Italy was seen as the ‘soft
underbelly’ of Europe and should be pressured first.
OPERATION TORCH
 The Allies decided to invade North Africa.
 The Allies hoped to catch the Vichy French/Italian
forces between the invaders in the west and the British
in Egypt.
 The Germans sent the Africa Corp to North Africa to
support the Italians.
MONTGOMERY, PATTON, ROMMEL
NORTH AFRICA
 Key Battle: El Alamein-decisive British victory over
Rommel and the Germans in North Africa.
 The victory drove the Germans away from the Suez
Canal and the oil of the Middle East.
 The Germans and Italians surrendered in May, 1943.
 The next step: the invasion of Italy.
INVASION OF ITALY
 Begun in September of 1943.
 It was led by General Patton(USA) and General
Montgomery(Br).
 Mussolini was overthrown and imprisoned.
 Italy signed an armistice.
 Mussolini was rescued by a German commando raid
and made leader of German-held Italy.
TEHRAN CONFERENCE 1943
 November-December, 1943.
 Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt
met.
 Honest discussions took place as the Allies talked
about the war and how they were going to win it
TEHRAN CONFERENCE 1943
TEHRAN CONFERENCE 1943
 The Allies agreed that the Axis powers must surrender
unconditionally(without any deals or preconditions).
 The Soviets pleaded for Britain and the USA to open a
‘Second Front” against the Germans in Europe. This
would help to relieve German pressure on the USSR.
 Britain and the USA guarantee it will happen as soon
as all preparations were in place. They let the Soviets
know that if it fails, there won’t be another try for a
long time.
OPERATION OVERLORD
 Allied plan for the invasion of German-held
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France at Normandy.
In this endeavor, failure was not an option.
2 years in preparation.
Details: beach sand consistency, tides, etc.
Must achieve air superiority against the German
Luftwaffe over the English Channel.
5000 ships.
CALAIS, FRANCE
CALAIS, FRANCE
POINT DU HOC
FAKE PARATROOPERS
LANDING CRAFT
PATHFINDERS
PATHFINDERS
MULBERRYS
D-DAY
D-DAY
 Execution of the ‘Overlord’ plan.
 The Allies controlled the skies over the English
Channel.
 The attack was to take place along the Normandy
coast(Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, Sword).
 The results of the first day: 120,000 soldiers landed in
France. A foothold was established. Preparation
began for the ‘breakout’. The “Second Front” had
begun. Germany was now fighting for real in two
directions.
D-DAY
D-DAY
D-DAY
4-9 thousand Axis Deaths
THE BREAKOUT
 The Allies held a 40 mile wide, 7 mile deep area.
 The goal was to stockpile fuel, ammunition, medical
supplies, military equipment and soldiers. This was
preparation for the battle to come.
 The move off the beaches began in July, 1944.
 August 25, 1944-Paris was liberated.
THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE
THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE
 December 16, 1944
 German attack in the West designed to split the Allies,
Britain and the USA.
 Hitler believed his armies could split the Allies and run
to the English Channel just like in 1940.
 With this show of force, Hitler believed that he
could convince Britain and the USA to join the
Nazis as allies determined to destroy
Communism.
 At first, the Allies lost ground.
THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE
THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE
THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE
 The advance by the Germans created a ‘bulge’ in the
lines.
 The British(Montgomery) in the north and the
USA(Patton) in the south cut off the bulge with a
pincer move.
 The German forces in the west were finished.
 They would fight in grudging retreat.
THE YALTA CONFERENCE
 Yalta, USSR.
 February, 1945.
 Roosevelt(USA), Churchill(Britain), Stalin(USSR).
 Now that Germany was on the verge of defeat, the
Allied Powers met to discuss how the war would end in
Europe.
 Questions were addressed. Who would conquer
Berlin? How would Germany be occupied? How
would new governments be installed in liberated
territories?
THE YALTA CONFERENCE
 Roosevelt was very weak physically. He often let
details of the negotiations be handled by aides.
 Churchill believed you could somewhat trust Stalin.
 The Allies agree: the USSR would take Berlin,
Germany and Berlin would be occupied by all of the
Allies, and liberated territories would hold “free”
elections to choose their new governments.(This was a
misunderstanding by the USA and Britain in regards
to what the Soviets meant.)