Transcript The Rise of Dictators

WarmUp #3
1. Read “London Blitz” on pg. 839 & give at least 3
details about the Battle of Britain.
2. Read “The Attack on Pearl Harbor " on pg. 841 &
answer the two questions from the primary source.
The Rise of Totalitarianism
Important Terms to Know…
authoritarian state: complete obedience to the authority
of the state as opposed to individual freedoms
dictatorship: one person holds all the power in the state
totalitarian state: government controls political, social,
economic, intellectual & cultural lives of citizens
Fascism (Italy): political ideology where the state (&
dictator) was glorified above the individual
Nazism (Germany): political ideology of extreme German
nationalism…mixed with strong anti-Semitism, strong
anti-communism & the Social Darwinian theories of
social struggle
Japan
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1920s: economic & political crises
struggle between civilians & military to control government
1930s: military takeover of government
– emphasis of nationalism & absolute loyalty to emperor!
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Manchurian (Mukden) Incident (1931): Japan used “attack”
on railway as an excuse to take over Manchuria (NW China &
Korea)
– purpose: Japanese needed natural resources
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aggressive attitudes towards U.S.A. & Western European
nations
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close ties to Nazi Germany:
– signed Anti-Comintern Pact (1936) with Germany
agreeing to stop spread of communism (anti-Soviet Union)
Hideki Tojo of Japan
Italy & Benito Mussolini
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Benito Mussolini: “Il Duce” = the leader
1919: created Fascio di Combattimento political
group (fascist party)
1920-1921: formed Blackshirts to attack the
communists
1922: demanded more land for Italy, by
emphasizing nationalism
1922: forced the king to make him the Prime
Minister!
1926: closed down all free press, made laws by
decree & recognized the independence of
Vatican City, in exchange for the backing of the
Pope
Benito Mussolini: “Il Duce”
Soviet Union & Joseph Stalin
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Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) formally created in 1922
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after Vladimir Lenin’s death, power struggle between Leon Trotsky &
Joseph Stalin…not Lenin’s choice of successor, but Stalin kept
Lenin’s policies
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by 1929, Stalin eliminated the original Bolsheviks from Politburo
(policy-making body of the Communist Party)
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5 Year Plans: transform USSR into a fully-industrial country in 5-year
increments
collectivization: private farms eliminated & peasants worked land
owned by the government
costs of Stalin’s programs:
– 1) peasants hated collectivization, so hoarded food…bad crop years
led to the starvation of over 10 million people in 1932-33
– 2) continual purging of government leaders (bureaucratic, military,
intellectual) from Stalin’s paranoia
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killed or sent protesters to Siberia to forced labor & work camps
(Gulag) …by 1936, 38.8 million arrested!
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Joseph Stalin
Spain & Francisco Franco
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Spanish Civil War (1936-39)
– rebellion under fascist Francisco Franco →
overthrow of democratic government
• Hitler & Mussolini helped Franco’s troops
– Hitler saw it as a test war
• Pablo Picasso painted Guernica to show
horrors of the Civil War
• Franco won & setup authoritarian government
Francisco Franco (Spain)
Pablo Picasso’s Guernica
Read pg. R74 in the textbook & answer the questions dealing with Pablo Picasso,
the Spanish Civil War & the Nazi destruction of Guernica.
Germany & Adolf Hitler
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der Führer
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the leader (National Socialist German Workers’ Party or Nazis)
militia: the Brownshirts
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while in jail, he wrote his ideas in Mein Kampf (my struggle)
promised to create a new Germany “Third Reich” by:
1) giving $$$ to private companies to hire workers
2) rearmament: rebuild the German army, navy & air force
3) creating a pure German race (“Aryans”)
4) blaming the Jewish population for Germany’s loss in World War
I & the Treaty of Versailles
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appointed German Chancellor (1933)
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gained absolute power by the act of Reichstag (legislative
body)
purged government of the Jews & created concentration camps:
large prison, work & death camps (Auschwitz, Dachau)
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Adolf Hitler (Germany)
Hitler's Imperial March
Nuremberg Rally & Parade
Nazi Germany: 1933-1939
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creation of Third Reich, full of Aryans (pure Germans with blond hair & blue
eyes; tall & strong)
SS (Gestapo): secret police, who ran the concentration camps
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2 principles: terror & ideology
Joseph Goebbels: propaganda minister
used all means to convince people of the Nazi ideology
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movies, newspapers, posters, slogans, loudspeakers in parks, mass
rallies, etc…the power of the radio!
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“if you say something often enough, people will believe it”
Anti-Semitism: Nuremburg Laws (1935) passed
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Jews not allowed to be German citizens
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Jews not allowed to marry German citizens
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Jews had to wear yellow star of David & carry ID cards
Kristallnacht (November 9, 1938) “Night of Shattered Glass”
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Nazis destroyed Jewish businesses & homes
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sent many Jews to concentration camps
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those who remained were forced to clean up the destruction
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Jews were not allowed in public places
Joseph Goebbels
Kristallnacht
Graphic Organizer
Dictator
Country
Political
Party
Type of
Govt.
Benito
Mussolini
fascist
dictator;
authoritarian
Joseph
Stalin
communist
dictator;
totalitarian
Francisco
Franco
fascist
dictator;
authoritarian
Adolf
Hitler
Nazi
dictator;
totalitarian
Hideki
Tojo
Policies
Characteristics
Further Study!
Chp. 27, Sec. 4: Dictators in Europe
Create FBI profiles on Benito Mussolini in Italy, Joseph
Stalin in the Soviet Union & Adolf Hitler in Germany.
1. Who were they?
2. What were their policies?
3. How did they treat their people?
4. How did the people respond?