Transcript this powerpoint

WWII’s Main Events and Sociology Prior to Pearl Harbor
Japan 1920’s & 30’s:
For reasons shown in the computer simulation, military-controlled Japan launches further and further into
the Asian mainland. What rhetoric does the Japanese government “spin” to justify its aggression?
A racist angle: “Asia for Asians!”
What does the U.S. do about Japan’s terrible, conquering moves?
Not much. Makes some threats of embargoes, but…
When ships from U.S. corporations get sunk off of China by the Japanese military, what does the U.S. do?
Tells U.S. corporate ships ships to stay the heck out of a war zone! No war this time.
Is this different or typical compared to our handling of such problems in our past history (like during WWI
and the War of 1812)? Explain or exemplify in one sentence:
DIFFERENT! -- In the past the U.S. has always acted militarily when someone
threatens our trade. Pirates, the British (War of 1812), WWI, etc.
Hitler’s Moves 1930’s:
In 1936 when German Chancellor Adolf Hitler announces to the world that Germany will not pay any
more of the WWI reparations to the old allies, what do Britain and France do?
Nothing. (Generation in power can’t blame the Germans for this, and it is not worth war!)
From 1932 – 36, when Chancellor Hitler’s government started building a new German army, making
millions of state-of-the-art weapons, planes, and bombers, and putting millions of men through training,
what did Britain, France and the U.S. do about it?
Is this different or typical compared to our handling of such problems in our past history (like during WWI
and the War of 1812)? Explain or exemplify in one sentence:
DIFFERENT! -- In the past the U.S. has always acted militarily when someone
threatens our trade. Pirates, the British (War of 1812), WWI, etc.
Hitler’s Moves 1930’s:
In 1936 when German Chancellor Adolf Hitler announces to the world that Germany will not pay any
more of the WWI reparations to the old allies, what do Britain and France do?
Nothing. (Generation in power can’t blame the Germans for this, and it is not worth war!)
From 1932 – 36, when Chancellor Hitler’s government started building a new German army, making
millions of state-of-the-art weapons, planes, and bombers, and putting millions of men through
training, what did Britain, France and the U.S. do about it?
Nothing. (What country doesn’t have an army? - Not going to war over…
When Hitler’s Germany started cranking out new, state-of-the art naval ships, what did Britain,
France and the U.S. do about it?
Nothing.
(Not going back to the trenches over building a navy!)
When Hitler moved some of his newly built armies across the Rhine River (a river that is deep inside
Germany, but that the Versailles Treaty said no German men-at-arms could ever cross), what did
Britain, France and the U.S. do about it?
Nothing.
(The Rhineland is INSIDE Germany! Who want to go to war over that?)
Understand, long before Hitler put into action any of the moves noted in the previous questions,
he made dozens of public speeches about them. All these speeches were very public, with large
roaring German crowds, and lots of press. This was actually a classic “diplomatic tool.”
Why was Hitler making such speeches…to the, uh, German people? Why was Hitler showing his
intentions to the world before he acted on them?
Hitler’s Moves 1930’s:
In 1936 when German Chancellor Adolf Hitler announces to the world that Germany will not pay any
more of the WWI reparations to the old allies, what do Britain and France do?
Nothing. (Generation in power can’t blame the Germans for this, and it is not worth war!)
From 1932 – 36, when Chancellor Hitler’s government started building a new German army, making
millions of state-of-the-art weapons, planes, and bombers, and putting millions of men through
training, what did Britain, France and the U.S. do about it?
Nothing. (What country doesn’t have an army? - Not going to war over…
When Hitler’s Germany started cranking out new, state-of-the art naval ships, what did Britain,
France and the U.S. do about it?
Nothing.
(Not going back to the trenches over building a navy!)
When Hitler moved some of his newly built armies across the Rhine River (a river that is deep inside
Germany, but that the Versailles Treaty said no German men-at-arms could ever cross), what did
Britain, France and the U.S. do about it?
Nothing.
(The Rhineland is INSIDE Germany! Who want to go to war over that?)
Understand, long before Hitler put into action any of the moves noted in the previous questions,
he made dozens of public speeches about them. All these speeches were very public, with large
roaring German crowds, and lots of press. This was actually a classic “diplomatic tool.”
Why was Hitler making such speeches…to the, uh, German people? Why was Hitler showing his
intentions to the world before he acted on them?
Classic diplomatic tool. Gauge response, and think twice if necessary.
What must Hitler think of the old victorious WWI allies after these moves (noted in the last four
questions)?
They won’t fight him. They are afraid, wimps. He can get away with more…
intentions to the world before he acted on them?
Classic diplomatic tool. Gauge response, and think twice if necessary.
What must Hitler think of the old victorious WWI allies after these moves (noted in the last four
questions)? They won’t fight him. They are afraid, wimps. He can get away with more…
Next, Hitler makes several public, ranting speeches about the injustice of a neighboring “German
state” that should have joined the German union many decades ago; that it was a travesty that its
“King” kept this German state out, and that the situation should be rectified. What does Hitler say
he’s going to do?
“Join” Austria with Germany.
Hitler’s reasoning to the world:
Austria must still endure having its old royalty run parts of their government. The time for
despotism is past. The Austrian Germans should not suffer so, and if they could rise-up, they would.
Austrians and Germans have always been one and the same people: We speak the same language,
we share the same traditions, we have the same cultures. Really, we are all German. Back in the
1860’s when Germanic states and cities were uniting to form a greater Germany, Austrian royalty
kept Austria from joining. The time has come to correct that injustice.
In 1938, when Hitler does make his move, and sends his army into Austria, and announces that the
two are now “joined,” what is the reaction of
A. Austrian society in general? Not much (collectively). Little armed resistance, some speeches…
B. the rest of the world (the U.S., the League of Nations, Britain, etc.)? Not much (collectively).
Why? Hitler may have a point, Austrians didn’t fight much, they are not “allies” with
the West, and so if THEY are not that upset, then, well, …not worth WAR!
In 1938, when Hitler does make his move, and sends his army into Austria, and announces that
the two are now “joined,” what is the reaction of
A. Austrian society in general? Not much (collectively). Little armed resistance, some speeches…
B. the rest of the world (the U.S., the League of Nations, Britain, etc.)? Not much (collectively).
Why? Hitler may have a point, Austrians didn’t fight much, they are not “allies with
the West, and so if THEY are not that upset, then, well, …not worth WAR!
No surprise that Adolf Hitler now begins making speeches about the border-lands of Czechoslovakia;
that those lands were wrongfully taken from Germany after WWI, that most of the citizens there are
German, and that Germany will rectify the situation. Unlike his past moves, Hitler has reasons to pause,
and test the waters before he goes for it. Why? What is it that gives Hitler pause, and all of Europe very
nervous about a possible German invasion of Czech lands?
Czechoslovakia has an agreement of protection form Britain and France.
This is different than all Hitler’s other moves. WAR with Britain and Allies?
N e v i l l e C h a m b e r l a i n calls for a summit with Hitler. Are the
British Prime Minister ___________________________________
Brits growing a spine? Hitler invites the Prime Minister Chamberlain to his private retreat in Austria.
A. What is it the British Prime Minister Chamberlain says to Hitler about Czechoslovakia?
If we don’t fight you over those Czech territories, will this be your last territorial grab?
B. What is it that Hitler signs for Chamberlain at the summit?
A promise not to take any more land in the future, after acquiring those Czech lands.
No surprise that Adolf Hitler now begins making speeches about the border-lands of Czechoslovakia;
that those lands were wrongfully taken from Germany after WWI, that most of the citizens there are
German, and that Germany will rectify the situation. Unlike his past moves, Hitler has reasons to pause,
and test the waters before he goes for it. Why? What is it that gives Hitler pause, and all of Europe very
nervous about a possible German invasion of Czech lands?
Czechoslovakia has an agreement of protection form Britain and France.
This is different than all Hitler’s other moves. WAR with Britain and Allies?
N e v i l l e C h a m b e r l a i n calls for a summit with Hitler. Are the
British Prime Minister ___________________________________
Brits growing a spine? Hitler invites the Prime Minister Chamberlain to his private retreat in Austria.
A. What is it the British Prime Minister Chamberlain says to Hitler about Czechoslovakia?
If we don’t fight you over those Czech territories, will this be your last territorial grab?
B. What is it that Hitler signs for Chamberlain at the summit?
A promise not to take any more land in the future, after acquiring those Czech lands.
C. When Chamberlain steps off his plane in London, nervous crowds have gathered around the
airport. Chamberlain proudly holds up the paper Hitler signed and proclaims…
There will be peace in our time!
(-:
D. This whole episode brings about a new term in history and in diplomatic circles. It becomes
Appeasement
known as the policy of ____________________________________and
it means…
Letting a misbehaving country have its way, in order to avoid conflict (or war).
When Hitler takes ALL of Czechoslovakia, and begins making speeches about another country formed out of
German territory after WWI, Chamberlain is voted out of office in favor of
And this new Prime Minister’s feelings about war with Germany?
Winston Churchill
German territory after WWI, Chamberlain is voted out of office in favor of W i n s t o n C h u r c h i l l
And this new Prime Minister’s feelings about war with Germany?
To fight any future Axis expansion, war if necessary!
P o l a n d
So, what was this next country that Hitler was making noise about taking? _________________________
It turns out Russia secretly got involved in the take-over of this country too! Explain:
Stalin and Hitler signed a Non-Aggression Pact:
The two countries will not fight each other.
Stalin says Russia deserves some of Poland since part of it used to belong to Russia.
How does the 1939 invasion work out?
Easy. Modern weapons with Blitzkrieg tactics against horses and swords and old guns…
But, now Britain and France have declared war on Germany! --And so it starts?
Or it doesn’t? Well, …what is the result of the Allies’ declaration of war on Germany?
The Allies “declared war,” but then sat in their countries in defensive positions, and did
nothing TO Germany. No attacks…
--Became known as “The Phony War.”
April 1940: Germany invades _____________________________!
France
Belgium
Again, the German army goes through________________________.
Results?
German forces broke all Allied lines with Blitzkrieg, mechanized warfare, took
Belgium, Netherlands, destroyed the French army, and …TOOK PARIS!
France surrenders, Britain scrambles to get its army away.
France
April 1940: Germany invades _____________________________!
Belgium
Again, the German army goes through________________________.
Results?
German forces broke all Allied lines with Blitzkrieg, mechanized warfare, took
Belgium, Netherlands, destroyed the French army, and …TOOK PARIS!
France surrenders, Britain scrambles to get its army away.
WHY these results? (Why does Germany kick everybody’s rear! And the answer to
this applies to why Japan does so well too…)
Germany’s weapons are all of the latest-and-greatest (1930’s) technology.
Normally, countries phase-in new weapons over time. Not the case with the new
German army; they had ALL new, higher-tech. weapons (guns, planes, tanks).
•Poland had old-world army of cavalry and swords.
•Britain & France pulled all their World War ONE weapons out of mothballs to fight,
few new tanks.
•The new tanks and bombers of 1940 made trench-warfare obsolete.
WHY these results? (Why does Germany kick everybody’s rear! And the answer
to this applies to why Japan does so well too…)
Germany’s weapons are all of the latest-and-greatest (1930’s) technology.
Normally, countries phase-in new weapons over time. Not the case with the new
German army; they had ALL new, higher-tech. weapons (guns, planes, tanks).
•Poland had old-world army of cavalry and swords.
•Britain & France pulled all their World War ONE weapons out of mothballs to fight,
few new tanks.
•The new tanks and bombers of 1940 made trench-warfare obsolete.
Britain, 1940:
Fearing another blood-bath like WWI, Britain had been reluctant to really fight. In the “Phony War,”
Britain had moved most available military units into France and Belgium. When Hitler attacked
Belgium and France, and handily drove back all Allied forces, the remainder of fighting British forces
was crowded into a shrinking piece of beachhead in Belgium called Dunkirk; their backs to the
English Channel, the more powerful German army bearing down on them, and no means of escape.
If this British Army was destroyed or captured, there were no more. Britain would have no more
land-based fighting capabilities.
And now, a riddle:
The British Army did not defeat the oncoming German forces.
Yet, this British force of tens of thousands did not get destroyed, they lived to fight another day.
The British Navy did not come to their aid.
So, …what happened at Dunkirk that “saved” the British Army?
The
“victory in defeat.”
Churchill got on all radio stations and asked all civilians with boats to cross the channel
and get as many British soldiers out of there was possible.
--It worked! - Miracle!
Britain, 1940:
Fearing another blood-bath like WWI, Britain had been reluctant to really fight. In the “Phony War,” Britain
had moved most available military units into France and Belgium. When Hitler attacked
Belgium and France, and handily drove back all Allied forces, the remainder of fighting British forces
was crowded into a shrinking piece of beachhead in Belgium called Dunkirk; their backs to the
English Channel, the more powerful German army bearing down on them, and no means of escape.
If this British Army was destroyed or captured, there were no more. Britain would have no more land-based
fighting capabilities.
And now, a riddle:
The British Army did not defeat the oncoming German forces.
Yet, this British force of tens of thousands did not get destroyed, they lived to fight another day.
The British Navy did not come to their aid.
So, …what happened at Dunkirk that “saved” the British Army?
The
“victory in defeat.”
Churchill got on all radio stations and asked all civilians with boats to cross the channel
and get as many British soldiers out of there was possible.
--It worked! - Miracle!
France, 1939 – 40:
French army is defeated by superior German weapons, tactics, and tenacity. Paris
surrounded, the French government surrenders, and France is split in two, with the
main part becoming a new German state.
The Battle of Britain, June, 1940.
Hitler’s air force begins bombing the British Isles day and night, pounding it to rubble.
Main targets: Cities (London), factories, ship yards. Germany readies for invasion…
•Britain responds with massive air defense and evacuation of children from cities.
•Fighters and balloons to make bombing more difficult, kids evacuated to countryside.
•Still, massive destructions and death; a rain of terror from the skies.
•Britain is able to bomb and sink hundreds of German invasion crafts in cross-channel raid.
France, 1939 – 40:
French army is defeated by superior German weapons, tactics, and tenacity. Paris
surrounded, the French government surrenders, and France is split in two, with the
main part becoming a new German state.
The Battle of Britain, June, 1940.
Hitler’s air force begins bombing the British Isles day and night, pounding it to rubble.
Main targets: Cities (London), factories, ship yards. Germany readies an invasion…
•Britain responds with massive air defense and evacuation of children from cities.
•Fighters and balloons to make bombing more difficult, kids evacuated to countryside.
•Still, massive destructions and death; a rain of terror from the skies.
•Britain is able to bomb and sink hundreds of German invasion crafts in cross-channel raid.
The United States:
What is the U.S. doing about all this?
The term applied to the U.S. population’s feelings and, as a result, to U.S. foreign policy is
Isolationism
A vast majority of the U.S. population is firmly against any policy which gets us into the World War!
Thus, Congress passes the “Neutrality Acts” to keep the U.S. out of the
fighting, while still trying to lend support to the Allies.
1)
U.S. ships are not allowed to enter any war zones.
The United States:
What is the U.S. doing about all this?
The term applied to the U.S. population’s feelings and, as a result, to U.S. foreign policy is
Isolationism
A vast majority of the U.S. population is firmly against any policy which gets us into the World War!
Thus, Congress passes the “Neutrality Acts” to keep the U.S. out of the
fighting, while still trying to lend support to the Allies.
1) U.S. ships are not allowed to enter any war zones.
2) U.S. companies may sell goods to “non-aggressor nations” at war, but
such nations must come to the U.S. to pick them up
These policies are made based on what got us involved in WWI and other wars. By this time, you should
know that America goes into some sort of action when
our trade is threatened, or our trade ships are sunk.
Problems for the Allies as America sells materials but does not fight:
German U-Boats (submarines) (know as “wolf packs”) are hunting and blowing the
1) _____________________________
heck out of Allied shipping coming to and from America.
2) The British Navy is shrinking in size over time; ultimately they will lose…
3) The Allies cannot replace enough of their lost or spent materials. The British Isles are the
only piece of land the Allies hold, and it is being bombed daily.
Problems for the Allies as America sells materials but does not fight:
German U-Boats (submarines) (know as “wolf packs”) are hunting and blowing the
1) _____________________________
heck out of Allied shipping coming to and from America.
2) The British Navy is shrinking in size over time; ultimately they will lose…
3) The Allies cannot replace enough of their lost or spent materials. The British Isles are the
only piece of land the Allies hold, and it is being bombed daily.
* President Roosevelt works to solve these problems…
President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s plans:
(Though he can’t tell the voting public this, he personally believes the U.S. must get in this war
to defeat Hitler. FDR will look for ways to make this happen.)
He pushes through policies that help the Allies and prepares the U.S. for the inevitable: Entering the war
against Germany. (Notice how there is no mention of any desire to do something about Japan’s
aggression.)
Roosevelt wants to give Britain all the food and weapons it needs to hold-off the Nazis, even giving them
major weapons like
destroyers, cruisers, battleships, fighter planes, bombers, etc.
Obstacle is the American public and Congress: Just as was the case in WWI, Germany would eventually start
shooting at Americans in some way, and that would get us into the war. So, it would be tough for Congress
to ok such grand aid.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s plans:
(Though he can’t tell the voting public this, he personally believes the U.S. must get in this war
to defeat Hitler. FDR will look for ways to make this happen.)
He pushes through policies that help the Allies and prepares the U.S. for the inevitable: Entering the war
against Germany. (Notice how there is no mention of any desire to do something about Japan’s
aggression.)
Roosevelt wants to give Britain all the food and weapons it needs to hold-off the Nazis, even giving them
destroyers, cruisers, battleships, fighter planes, bombers, etc.
major weapons like
Obstacle is the American public and Congress: Just as was the case in WWI, Germany would eventually start
shooting at Americans in some way, and that would get us into the war. So, it would be tough for Congress
to ok such grand aid.
Roosevelt’s Solutions:
1.
The Lend-Lease Act: the U.S. will “lease” navy ships and fighter planes to
non-aggressor nations.
2.
Reinstitutes the DRAFT, building-up U.S. militaries in size and materials.
(With the world on fire, this only makes sense; for defensive reasons if nothing else.)
3.Helps the stretched, thinning British Navy against the German wolf-packs by ordering the
“PRACTICE CONVOY GUARDING,” by guarding freighters traveling
U.S. Navy to
between the U.S. to Iceland.
Roosevelt’s Solutions:
1.
The Lend-Lease Act: the U.S. will “lease” navy ships and fighter planes to
non-aggressor nations.
2.
Reinstitutes the DRAFT, building-up U.S. militaries in size and materials.
(With the world on fire, this only makes sense; for defensive reasons if nothing else.)
3.Helps the stretched, thinning British Navy against the German wolf-packs by ordering the
U.S. Navy to
“PRACTICE CONVOY GUARDING,” by guarding freighters traveling
between the U.S. to Iceland.
Roosevelt’s sales pitches to the Congress and the American public:
This changes the public’s mind.
-- FDR as a master politician.
“If your neighbor’s house was on fire, would you not lend him your garden hose so that he might attempt to
put it out? It would be the Christian thing to do, the brotherly ting to do,
the civilized thing to do. But if not on moral grounds, it would be wise to do so for the safety
of your won home! For if the fire is not contained and continues to rage, it would eventually jump to your
house…”
The Garden Hose Speech
A) __________________________________
B) The evils of Fascism and dictatorships:
Adding to “the garden hose scenario,” Roosevelt made speeches which drew for the
American public the evils of Hitler and the Nazis; of being on the side of “right,” of our
historical ties with “the Great Democracies “ of Britain and France, and our need to foil the
plans of evil dictators like Hitler and Mussolini.
Roosevelt’s sales pitches to the Congress and the American public:
This changes the public’s mind.
The Garden Hose Speech
A) __________________________________
-- FDR as a master politician.
“If your neighbor’s house was on fire, would you not lend him your garden hose so that he might attempt to
put it out? It would be the Christian thing to do, the brotherly ting to do,
the civilized thing to do. But if not on moral grounds, it would be wise to do so for the safety
of your won home! For if the fire is not contained and continues to rage, it would eventually jump to your
house…”
B) The evils of Fascism and dictatorships:
Adding to “the garden hose scenario,” Roosevelt made speeches which drew for the
American public the evils of Hitler and the Nazis; of being on the side of “right,” of our
historical ties with “the Great Democracies “ of Britain and France, and our need to foil the
plans of evil dictators like Hitler and Mussolini.
C) FDR Administration repeated this catch phrase in interviews, newspaper ads, and posters:
The Arsenal of Democracy!
“America: Honored to be the ____________________________________________
Results of Roosevelt’s Actions:
-Congress quadruples the budget for the U.S. Armed Forces.
- Congress reinstitutes the DRAFT. (approved by ONE vote!)
This shows…
- Congress approves the first Lend-Lease Act. (approved with 53% of the vote)
-The Undeclared Battle of the Atlantic begins:
At first,
Later,
And so…
- Lend-Lease is eventually extended to China, Russia, and others!