Transcript Treatment of Minorities

Treatment of Minorities
Kitty, Jordan, Hayley
Historical Background
1. What was the existing sentiment towards Jews in
Europe prior to the rise of the Nazi regime?
a. Medieval Europe
b. Anti-semitism in Reichstag around 1900s?
Adolf Stocker, Imperial Court
Chapain (1874-90)
Social Factors
“The Jews are our misfortune.” - Heinrich von Treitschke
1. Outline factors that contributed to antiSemitism in Germany
a. economic factors: Great Depression (circa 1933)
and Jewish roles in German society/economy?
b. social factors: Social Darwinism?
2. Historiography: J. Noakes
a. By 1914, anti-semitism permeated throughout
German society from Kaiser down to lower middle
class; entrenched in academic community, could
Nazi anti-Semitism 1919-33
“...the personification of the devil
as the symbol of all evil assumes
the living shape of the Jew”
-excerpt from Mein Kampf
1. What was the ‘stab in the back’ myth?
a. How did this theory “justify” people’s hatred towards the Jews?
2. What was Hitler’s personal view of Jews?
3. To what extent did Hitler’s anti-semitic views play a role in Nazi accession of
power?
Gradualism 1933-9: Legal discrimination
1. Even in the earlier years, why was the
German campaign against the Jews
largely unopposed?
2. What is a gradualist approach?
a. How did the one-day boycott of Jewish
businesses in April 1933 contribute to the
adaptation of this approach?
b. (1935) What were the Nuremberg Laws?
Reich Citizenship Law stripped Jews of German citizenship
Gradualism: Propaganda and indoctrination
1. What was the goal of Nazi anti-semitic
propaganda?
a. Who played a key role in this racist propaganda?
2. What were methods used to achieve this
goal?
a. In what ways were the German youth influenced?
“The Eternal Jew”
Gradualism: Terror and violence
1. What role did the SA play in the early years
of the regime in attacking Jews?
2. (1934) How did the Night of the Long
Knives change the way Jews were treated
under the Nazi regime?
3. (March 1938) How was the union with
Austria a turning point for the treatment of
Jews?
Synagogue on fire during Kristallnacht
a. Kristallnacht (“Night of Broken Glass”)
b. Vienna attacks
Gradualism: Force emigration
1. What countries did the Jews emigrate to?
2. What did the Central Office for Jewish
Emigration (est. 1938) do?
a. Successes?
Adolf Eichmann
War and Genocide 1939-45
1. How did the war affect the movement of the Jewish people in Europe?
a. What did the Nazis create to “resettle” the Jews?
2. What events changed the Nazis control over the Jews in different countries?
a. How did these events change the Nazis action toward Jews?
b. What is the SS Einstazgruppen?
3. What is the Final Solution?
a. When and why did it start?
4. How did the concentration camps work?
1943, “He is guilty
for the war”
Gypsies
1. Context: who were the gypsies? how did they get to
Germany?
2. Why were Gypsies viewed as outsiders?
a. how did these aspects of Gypsy life make them “inferior”?
3. How did the government and important leaders
contribute to racism against gypsies?
4. How were gypsies captured?
Jehovah’s Witness
1. Why were they targeted?
2. How did the Nazi Government target the
Jehovah’s Witnesses?
3. How did the Jehovah’s Witnesses retaliate?
a. what actions did the Nazi’s take against the retaliations?
4. What was life in camp for them like?
“Helene Gotthold, a Jehovah's Witness, was beheaded
for her religious beliefs on December 8, 1944, in Berlin.
She is pictured with her children. Germany, June 25,
1936.”
1:28-2:08
Other non-Jewish victims
1. Who else was negatively affected by the Nazi
regime?
a. How was each group specifically ridiculed?
2. Why was each group targeted?
Key Debate: Historiography
Essential Question: “ Why did the Holocaust happen and who was
responsible?”
Intentionalist vs. Structuralist Schools of Thought
What are limitations of each school's of thought?
Wannsee Conference (1942):
villa owned by SS at the Berlin
lakeside suburb of Wannsee
Conclusion and Recap
1. Methods used to persecute the Jews:
a. social discrimination: propaganda (i.e. literature, film, radio):
b. legal discrimination: Nuremberg Laws
c. Terror and violence (i.e. Kristallnacht, Vienna attacks)
d. Forced emigration: Central Office of Jewish Emigration
e. Extermination camps: mass shootings, gas chambers
2. What were successes, failures and results of Nazi anti-Semitism?
3. To what extent did Hitler adhere to his ideology?
Bibliography
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