Transcript World History

World History
SOL Review Day 3
World War I
• Causes
European Nations building up their
armies before World War I
Military
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Secret Alliance between nations. Didn’t think
that they would ever be call up for a war
European nations in competitions
over colonies
Pride in one’s nations.
We’re the Best!
The Spark
• Assassination of Austria’s Archduke
Major Events
• United States entering
the War
• Russia Leaves the War
– Why does Russia leave the War early?
• What are the significances of these events?
Major Leaders
• Woodrow Wilson
– Fourteen points
– Paris Peace talks
• Kaiser Wilhelm II
– Wanted to show how
powerful Germany was
– Wanted to build an Empire
– Alliance with AustriaHungary
Outcomes of WWI
• What were the outcomes and global effects
of WWI?
– Colonies participation in the war, which increased
demand for independence
– End of the Russian Imperial Family, Ottoman
empire, German and Austro-Hungarian empires.
– Enormous cost of the war in lives, property and
social disruption
Treaty of Versailles
• Forced Germany to accept responsibility for
war and loss territory to pay reparations
• Limited the German military
• League of Nations
Reparations:
compensation in money, payable by a defeated
country to another country or to an individual
for loss suffered during or as a result of war.
That’s my idea!
Russian Revolution 1917
• Causes
• Rise of Communism
– Lenin’s Rule:
• New Economic Policy
Lenin
Stalin
– Government controlled major industries, banks and
communication
– But is allow some private ownership and allowed peasants to
sell their surplus.
– Stalin became Lenin’s successor
End of WWI
League of Nations
• Established to prevent
future wars
• Weakness:
• Did not have the power to
enforce its decision
The Mandate system
• During World War I, Great
Britain and France agreed
to divide large portions of
the Ottoman Empire in the
Middes east between
themselves
The Great Depression
• Impact of the Worldwide
Depression
– High unemployment in
industrial countries
– Bank failures and collapse
of credit
– Collapse of prices in world
trade
– Nazi Party’s growing
importance in Germany;
Nazi Party’s blame of
European Jews for
economic collapse
Dictators
Joseph Stalin
Adolf Hitler
Benito Mussolini
Hirohito and Hideki Tojo
Dictators
• Why did Dictators emerge in Germany, Italy,
Japan and the USSR after WWI?
• How did these regimes affect the world
following WWI?
Joseph Stalin
Adolf Hitler
Benito Mussolini
Hirohito and Hideki Tojo
World War II
• Economic and political causes of WWII
– Aggression by toleration states: Germany, Italy
and Japan
– Appeasement
The making of concessions to an
aggressor in order to avoid war
– Examples:
Write in your own words
• Hitler’s want of Rhineland
Major Events
• Battle of Britain: Bombardment of Britain's
“lighting War” a form of warfare in
cities by the Germans.
which surprise attacks with fast-moving
• Germans invasion
of Russia.
airplanes
are followed by massive
attacks with infantry forces
• Blitz
• Total War
A Conflict in which the participating countries
devote all their resources to the war effort
Outcome
• United Nations
• Marshall Plan: A US program of economic aid
to European countries to help them rebuild
after WWII
Holocaust and Genocide
• Genocide: The systematic and purposeful
destruction of a racial, political, religious or
cultural group
Reconstruction
Germany
Japan
• Democratic government
installed in West Germany
and West Berlin.
• Germany and Berlin divided
Emergence of West
Germany as economic
power in post war Europe
• United States occupation of
japan under MacArthur's
administration
• Democracy and economic
developments
• Elimination of Japan’s
military offensive
capabilities
• Japan economy emerges as
dominant in Asia
The Cold War
• Yalta Conference
– Meeting after WWII
– Begins rivalry between US and USSR
– Goals were to
• Promote peace
• Provide emergency relief
• Help interim government
Matching of Cold War Events
Collapse of the Soviet Union
• Soviet economic collapse forced them to pull
their military out of Eastern Europe
Containment
• A policy for preventing the expansion of
communism
Conflicts in China
• Civil War between Communist and Nationalist
• The nationalist fled to Taiwan at the end of
the civil war.
– Led by Chiang Kai-shek
– Established nationalist China in Taiwan
• The Communist established a communist
China on the main land
– Led by Mao Tse-Tung (Mao Zedong)
– Communist China participated in the Korean War
Vietnam
• Vietnam as a colony
– French did not want to give up
Vietnam
– As a colony, the Vietnam had
little involvement in
government.
• Ho Chi Minh
– Leader of the Communist party
– Later ruled North Vietnam
Policy of Containment
• Former colony of Vietnam is divided
between North and South.
• Communist in the North (independent)
and South non-communist supported
by the United States.
– Domino theory (President Eisenhower)
War Break outs
• Vietcong- Communist guerillas fighters in the
south begin to gain strength
• Containment
Indian Independence
Characteristic of African Independents
• Right to self-determination
(UN Charter)
• Some Peaceful , some violent
• Pride in African Culture and
Heritage
• Resentment of Imperial Rule
and economic explorations
Middle East
Independence
Ethnic conflicts
• Balkins:
– Yugoslavia falls apart
• Made up of several different
groups: Serbs, Croats, Muslims,
Slovenes, Macedonians and
Montenegrins
• Josip Tito held Yugoslavia together
till he died
• Ethnic conflicts boiled over
• Slovenia and Croatia-declared
independence- Serb-yugoslav
invaded both republic.
• Ethnic cleansing of Bosnia Muslim
population
Rwanda
• Ethnic Cleansing
– During the Rwanda Revolution. The Hutu killed
the Tutsi (Tribe clans)
– During Belgium colonization: divided the Hutu and
Tutsi
– Belgium promoted Tutsi supremacy. Each person
had a ID card. Prevented movement between
social class