Transcript Dictators and War - Alvord Unified School District

3B =Dictators and War
H-SS 11.6.3- Discuss the human toll of the Depression,
natural disasters, and unwise agricultural practices and their
effects on the depopulation of rural regions and on political
movements of the left and right, with particular attention to
the Dust Bowl refugees and their social and economic
impacts in California.
H-SS 11.7.1- Examine the origins of American involvement in
the war, with an emphasis on the events that precipitated the
attack on Pearl Harbor
• Treaty of Versailles and Great Depression
contributed to the rise of dictatorships in
Europe and Asia.
• Italy-1919 Benito Mussolini founded
Fascist Party. Fascism was aggressive
nationalism. They believed:
1. Nation more important than the
individual and the
2. Nation could become great by
expanding its territory and building its
military.
3. Fascists were Anti-Communist.
Hitler and the Brown Shirts
Germany
Soviet Union
Japan
Adolph Hitler
Joseph Stalin
Hideki Tojo
Italy
Benito Mussolini
• Soviet Union (Russia)- 1917- Vladimir
Lenin set up Communism-One party rule
1926- Joseph Stalin replaced Lenin began
massive effort to industrialize the country
millions of peasants who resisted were
killed.
• Germany- Political and Economic chaos
led to rise of Nazi Party.
• Adolf Hitler wanted to unify all Germans
under one government. He believe
Germans were a “master race” destined to
rule the world.
• He wanted to enslave E. Europeans and
blamed Jews for world’s problems.
• Used Storm troopers to intimidate voters
• Japan- Difficult economic times in Japan
after WWI undermined country’s political
system.
• Japanese officers and civilians wanted to
seize territory to gain resources.
• In 1931 Japanese Army invaded
Manchuria and military took control of
Japan
• Dictators Turn to Aggression
Italy and Germany sought to expand like
Japan in Manchuria.
League of Nations weakened
by U.S. not joining- no military
power – all talk
Hitler sought to restore Germany’s strength
and nullify provisions of Treaty of Versailles.
He rebuilt German economy and enlarged
the army, navy and air force in defiance of
the Treaty of Versailles.
His goal was Lebensraum – living space for
German people.
1935 reclaimed the Saar region from French
control
1936 Sent troops into Rhineland- League of
Nations did nothing
Italy- Mussolini invaded Ethiopia- its leader
appealed to the League of Nations for help
it did nothing.
• Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936 lasted
until 1939. Hitler and Mussolini sent
military and economic aid to Nationalists
led by General Francisco Franco.
• Tested new weapons and tactics- mini
preview of WWII.
• U.S., Britain, France sat by and watched
did not help Republican side-they lost
Spain became fascist.
Appeasement- a policy of granting
concessions to a potential enemy in the
hope that it will maintain the peace.
France and Britain pursued a policy of
appeasement toward aggressive nations.
Why?
1. World War I was horrible
2. Saw Soviet Union as a greater threat that
Nazi Germany
3. U.S. not backing them
U.S. pursued a Good Neighbor policy in
Latin America, it improved relations with
U.S.S.R., no forceful actions against
German, Italian, or Japanese aggression.
U.S. focused on improving its economy. It
pursued a policy of isolation.
Hitler took advantage of weakness and
began to act:
1938- brought Austria into Reich,
Austrians given no choice-called
Anschluss.
1938- Hitler wanted to take western part of
Czechoslovakia that was largely German.
Many thought conflict between Britain and
France with German would result.
Munich Conference- Hitler meet with British
leader Neville Chamberlain and French
leader Edouard Daladier. In the Munich
Pact -they appeased Hitler and gave him
the Sudetenland for peace.
Crowds cheered Chamberlain when he
returned he said “We will have peace in
our time.”
Also, informed Hitler that this was his last
concession any more aggression would
mean war.
Appeasement
Peace in our Time!