Transcript 1. did germans benefit from nazi rule

Did the German People Benefit
from Hitler’s Rule?
L
e
s
s
o
n
1
LO: To understand and
explain how economic
policies appeared to
bring recovery through
jobs, etc
STARTER:
Can did
you name
the 7 benefit
leading
To
what extent
Germans
Nazi
figures?
fact1930s?
about each
from
NaziGive
ruleone
in the
Pictured from left to right are Joseph Goebbels, Robert
Ley, Heinrich Himmler, Victor Lutze, Rudolf Hess, Adolf
There were three major problems
faced by the German economy when
Hitler became chancellor:
a) international debt
b) agricultural stagnation
c) industrial unemployment.
LO: To
understand
and explain
how economic
policies
appeared to
bring recovery
through jobs,
etc
How did the Nazis address these
problems, and how successful
were their policies?
COPY OUT THIS TEXT
How did Hitler initially deal
with unemployment?
Short-term measures:
The RAD and the DAF
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies
appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
The fall in unemployment
The number of unemployed people in Germany
came down very quickly after 1933.
6 million people were on the unemployment
register in 1933; by 1934 there were 3.8
million. The number went on falling until 1939,
when it was 0.3 million.
This was great for Nazi propaganda: Hitler
becomes chancellor, and immediately afterwards
there are lots more jobs.
COPY OUT THIS TEXT
LO: To understand and explain how economic
policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
Unemployment under Hitler
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies
appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
The National Labour Service (RAD)
Hitler’s first measure to tackle unemployment was the
setting up of the National Labour Service (RAD) to
provide the jobs he had promised to the German people.
This organization gave men jobs in public
works schemes, for example, building schools,
hospitals and motorways and digging drainage
ditches.
Men in the RAD had to wear a uniform and live in work
camps. Their wages were really only pocket money, but
for many this was an improvement on a life with no work.
At least they got free meals.
COPY OUT THIS TEXT
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies
appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
The German Labour Front (DAF)
Within months of taking power, Hitler decided to abolish all
trade unions. In their place he set up the German Labour
Front (DAF) run by Dr Robert Ley. Its rules included:
bosses could no longer sack workers on the spot
workers could not leave a job without the government’s
permission
only government-run labour exchanges could arrange
new jobs
workers could no longer bargain for higher wages
strikes were made illegal
limitations on the hours a person could work were
abolished. Many Germans were working 60–72 hours a
week by 1939.
COPY OUT THIS TEXT
Do you think that the German Labour Front would
have been popular with the workers?
Unemployment – the limits of success
The unemployment figures for Nazi Germany look very
impressive, but they don’t tell the whole story.
From 1933, women were no longer included in
unemployment figures.
COPY OUT THIS TEXT
Once the Nazis came to power, most Jews were
sacked; their jobs were given to other Germans. From
1935, Jews could no longer hold German citizenship
and were removed from the unemployment register.
The unemployed were obliged to take any job offered
or else be classed as ‘work-shy’ and imprisoned.
Conscription removed over a million young men from
the employment market.
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring
recovery through jobs, etc
L
e
s
s
o
n
2
How did Hitler and the
Nazis deal with the
economy?
Agriculture
and Industry
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies
appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
STARTER:
Comprehension recap questions:
You have 5 minutes to answer these questions in
the back of your books:
1. What 3 problems faced the German economy when
Hitler became Chancellor in 1933?
2. How many unemployed German people were there in
1933
3. How many unemployed German people were there in
1939?
4. What was the RAD
5. What was the DAF
The production of food (agriculture) and
goods (industry) is sometimes referred to as
‘Butter’. In Nazi Germany 3 specific men were
given the roles of improving both:
Agriculture:
Industry:
dealt with by
Hugenberg and Darré
dealt with by
Hjalmar Schacht
and the ‘New Plan’
'Butter' = consumer goods /
food production
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies
appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
Problems – imports
World food prices had been low for many decades, which
meant Germany had been importing cheap food from
abroad. Because of this, German farmers could not sell
their food at a price which would enable them to make a
good living.
This meant that Germany was usually importing more
than it exported, resulting in an unhealthy balance of
trade – in other words, a mounting national debt.
Moreover, dependence on imports was preventing
Germany from achieving economic self-sufficiency
(autarchy), which Hitler felt was necessary in order to
prepare the German economy for war.
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies
appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
Agricultural solutions
TASKS:
1. What role did
Hugenberg play in
Hitler’s
government?
2. What 3 policies did
Hugenberg
introduce?
3. What role did
Darré play in
Hitler’s
government?
4. What 3 policies did
Darré introduce?
5. How popular do
you think these
policies would be?
Over the next couple of slides we will be looking at the
successes and failures of Nazi agricultural policies.
Copy out the table. Copy the information from the slides
in to your exercise books.
AGRICULTURE IN NAZI GERMANY
SUCCESSES
FARMERS
FOOD
PRODUCTION
FAILURES
Agricultural successes
Successes:
Food production
increased by 20%
1928–38, leaving
Germany selfsufficient in bread,
grains, potatoes,
sugar, meat,
vegetables and eggs.
Farmers saw their
incomes increase
by about 40%
between 1928–38.
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies
appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
Agricultural failures
Failures:
Food production was
still not at a level
sufficient to feed the
German population
without the need for
imports.
Farmers came to
resent the
interference of the
Reich Food Estate.
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies
appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
Industrial solutions – the New Plan
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies
appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
TASKS
1. Who was
Hjalmar
Schacht?
2. What was
the ‘New
Plan’?
3. How did
the ‘New
Plan’
affect
foreign
and
domestic
Industrial solutions – assessment
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies
appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
The Nazi Economic Miracle? – 5 minutes
http://www.y
outube.com/
watch?v=A7
m6b1cyRyo
How did Hitler
rearm Germany?
L
e
s
s
o
n
‘From Butter to Guns’
3
Hermann Goering,
Rearmament and the
Four-Year Plan
'Guns' = rearmament
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies
appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
STARTER: Complete this missing word exercise
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies
appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
Problems
SUMMARISE THIS TEXT
IN YOUR OWN WORDS
Rearmament was very important to Hitler – he was
determined to ‘make Germany ready for war again’. He
wanted to conquer the Ukraine and use its resources to
make Germany self-sufficient in food and raw materials.
However, rearmament was forbidden under the Treaty
of Versailles, so Hitler had to conceal his actions from
the Allies.
Because spending had to be
concealed, a lot was hidden in a work
creation programme – building new
runways, barracks and motorways
(‘autobahns’). This only provided a
few, often highly-skilled, jobs.
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to
bring recovery through jobs, etc
Solution: the Four-Year Plan
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies
appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
The Four-Year Plan – assessment
The army grew from just 100,000 men in 1933 to
1,400,000 in 1939. These soldiers needed equipping, so
46 billion marks were spent on weapons and equipment,
creating thousands of jobs in the arms industries.
Obviously, those doing military service did not count as
unemployed – this took 1,300,000 off the unemployment
register.
COPY OUT THIS TEXT
However, Schacht argued that this policy was not
providing long-term stability, but merely gearing
Germany towards another catastrophic European war.
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies
appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
REASONS FOR THE SUPREMACY OF HITLER IN THE 1930’S
Communists eliminated
LO: To understand and
Rhineland reoccupation
Aryan race superiority
explain how economic
Brilliant propaganda
policies appeared to
Treaty of Versailles disobeyed
bring recovery through
Rearmament
jobs, etc
Exciting speeches by Hitler
Economic improvements
Paid holidays
Army support after Night of Long Knives
Recruitment of young into Hitler Youth
Swastika gave pride
COPY OUT THIS TEXT
Own car (Volkswagen)
No ‘useless eaters’
Support by big business
Plenary
In this unit you have learnt about the role played by:
(a) Schacht, (b) Hugenberg, (c) Darré & (d) Goering.
1. Take each of the 4 people (a-d) and in a couple of
sentences summarise their role in Nazi Germany
2. Which of these, if any, do you think set out to
prepare Germany for war in the years leading up to
1939?
3. Who was most responsible for the ‘Nazi economic
miracle’ which saw unemployment all but disappear?
4. How successfully do you think the Nazis solved
the unemployment problem?
LO: To understand and explain how economic policies appeared to bring recovery through jobs, etc
Did the German People Benefit from Hitler’s Rule?
Did the German People Benefit
from Hitler’s Rule?
It has been
argued that if
Hitler had died
in 1939, he
would have
been hailed as
the greatest
German
leader of all
time.
10 minute collection of Hitler
speeches – good quality
http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=lhVM0HmGado&featu
re=fvsr&skipcontrinter=1
After 1939,
with the
Second
World War
and the
ruination of
Germany,
Hitler cannot
receive the
same praise.
To what extent did the German
people benefit from Nazi rule?
TASK
Consumable
sheet Did the
German People
Benefit from
Hitler’s Rule?
You need to
summarise the
information you
have found out
over the last few
weeks about life
in Nazi
Germany, as
preparation for
assessment
tasks
Did Germans benefit from Nazi Rule?
Press/Media
Government
Area
of life
Positive effects
• Unlike the Weimar
government, Hitler’s
government was strong – it
passed laws quickly.
Date
Negative effects
•Germany was
totalitarian (Enabling
1933 Act: 23/3/33): Hitler was
a dictator
1939 • Censorship prevented
freedom of speech
• Propaganda gave
people a biased view
• As the press published the
• Censorship and
positive side of Germany,
1933 propaganda meant
the morale of the people was
people had a distorted
boosted.
1939 view of events. This was
bad in the long run.
Did Germans benefit from Nazi Rule?
Military
Economy
Area
of life
Positive effects
• Reduced inflation and
unemployment, e.g. the
building of the
Autobahns.
• He tried to make
Germany self-sufficient.
• Foreign trade improved,
e.g. Volkswagen
• The Junkers benefited
from rearmament.
• Unemployment was
reduced by conscription
and munitions factories.
• Army benefited from
military success.
Date
1933
1939
Negative effects
• Women deprived of jobs,
which were given to men.
• Minorities lost their jobs,
e.g. the Jews (Nuremberg
Laws, 1936)Economic
growth wrecked.
1941-1945: Armed forces
defeated
Did Germans benefit from Nazi Rule?
Jews etc
Churches
Area
of life
Positive effects
• Catholics were
supposed to be
protected by the
Concordat with the
Pope (1933)
Date
Negative effects
• The Concordat was broken.
Protestant ministers were also
persecuted, e.g. pastor
1933- Niemoller who was sent to
1939 Auschwitz. Prejudice and
intolerance were encouraged
by propaganda, e.g. against
Jews, Gypsies, Slavs, Poles
and Negros.
• Minorities were persecuted,
1933- e.g. the Jews were
1945 exterminated after 1941 (The
Holocaust)
Did Germans benefit from Nazi Rule?
Women
Youth
Area
of life
Positive effects
Date
Negative effects
• Both boys and girls
in the Hitler Youth
Movement became
fit
1933 • Narrow-minded youth
resulted through
1939 propaganda and education,
• Like men, they
benefited from the
effects of economic
reform – more
wealth.
1933 • Women depended on the
incomes of men for their
1939 wealth: Women lost jobs
i.e. the education policies of
Dr. Robert Ley.
then regained them as men
were conscripted.
• Sexist policies, e.g.
medals for breeding – gold
cross for 8 children.