Transcript STAAR Review

STAAR
Review
World History
New Imperialism
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1880-1900’s
Causes:
New technology such as military,
medicine, steamboat, telegraph, rifle,
quinine, telephone
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Effect/Impact:
Medicine-population growth
Transportation and technology:
domination led to erosion of local
culture, conflict, and mistreatment of
natives
Motivations:
Economic
Need for raw materials
Need for new markets to
sell goods
Social
Social Darwinismsurvival of the fittest
Spread of Christianity
Political
Preserve balance of
power
Demonstrate power by
colonizing
 Label
the two major
canals on the map using
the = symbol
 Suez Canal
 Panama Canal
Europe
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Independence movements created
economic setbacks for European
empires
Great Britain held most of the
colonies because it was the center of
the Industrial Revolution
Queen Victoria- doubled the size of
Great Britain’s empire
China
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“Spheres of Influence” areas in China
under economic control of Great Britain
Open Door Policy- US proposal for equal
trading rights in China (wanted equal
access to trade in China)
Boxer Rebellion- Chinese rebellion
against spread of foreign influence
Japan
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US sends fleet of ships
Japan feared same reaction as China
and allowed foreign trade
Meiji Restoration- restored emperor
Meiji
Convinced Japan to adopt western
ways
Latin America
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Spanish-American War:
US gains possessions in Pacific
Panama Canal:
US uses Monroe Doctrine to justify
protection/intervention
Increased trade and access for
military
Africa
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“Scramble for Africa”
By 1898, almost all of Africa was
under European control
European powers created boundaries
based on resources-not tribescreated conflict
India
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Sepoy Mutiny- Indian soldier rebellion
British:
Unifying one government
Built roads
Hurt cottage industry
Built hospitals
Treated Indians as inferior
Causes
M
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Militarism-build up of a country’s
military power
Alliances-alliance system between
European nations to maintain a
balance of power
Imperialism-extending a country's
power through conquest
Nationalism-belief that ethnic group
should have their own nation
Characteristics:
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Total war- unrestricted (no limits)
Trench warfare- both sides dig ditches
to create fortified positions
Stalemate- neither sides made gains
Modern technology- airplanes, machine
guns, poison gas, u-boats/submarines
High casualties- new technology and old
tactics=mass destruction
Events:
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Assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
Paris Peace Conference- allied
leaders (US, Great Britain, France)
meet together to negotiate peace
Peace treaty treats Germany harshly
Effects:
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Wilson’s 14 Points- US President’s
proposal; proposed League of Nations,
freedom of the seas, new countries, no more
secrecy (allies)
League of Nations- created by treaty;
organization of nations to prevent world warweakened by lack of Russia and US support
Treaty of Versailles- Germany lost
colonies, took blame and had to pay
reparations
Impact:
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Bolshevik (October) Revolution (1917)
Causes: poverty, oppression, Russification
pogroms
Effects: on World War I-Russian soldiers were
poorly equipped and trained=heavy losses at
home, food supply was low; food riots
Revolution- overthrew Russian Czar and
established the USSR under a communist
government; all industry is nationalized
After WWI:
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Central Europe suffered famine,
unemployment and flu
Great Depression- US: overproduction and
stock market speculation cause depression;
US responds with FDR’s New Deal
Global Depression- Global market is
impacted by US Great Depression; loans
between Europe and US helps to spread
problems; unemployment, no “safety net”;
no savings
Meanwhile in the Weimar
Republic…
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Weimar Republic collapses with outset of
depression; people turn to extremes; 1/3
unemployed
Nazism- (national socialism); anti-Semitic:
hatred of Jews; extreme nationalism: survival of
the fittest; Aryans are the superior race; allpowerful leader/followers-must be loyal and
obedient
Rise of Dictators
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Easily gains support because he follows
through with economic aid and jobs
Creates a sense of pride after great loss of
WWI
The mastermind behind this plot:
Adolf Hitler
Who’s two-face?
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Benito Mussolini:
He and “Black Shirts” use fear and
violence to take over and create
totalitarian state in Italy.
Fascism:
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Extreme nationalism
Opposed communism
National party should unite all
classes
Opposed unions and strikes
All-powerful leader (dictator)
Extreme militarism
Doctor Doom and the
Gruesome Gulag…
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Joseph Stalin
Totalitarian state: government controls
all aspects of life
Stalin eliminated rivals through use of
purges and gulags in Siberia
Japanese expansion:
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Hideki Tojo: general and prime minister
Success with industrialization push Japan
to seek natural resources
Invade China and Korea
WWII becomes opportunity to gain Asian
land
1936
 Germany
occupies Rhineland
(violation of Treaty of
Versailles)
1937
 Japan
continues expansion
and conquest of China
 Rape of Nanking
1938
Germany invades and claims
Austria and W. Czechoslovakia
 Hoping to avoid war, British
Prime Minister meets with Hitler
at Munich Conference-tried to
appease Hitler
 TOTAL FAILURE
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1939
 Germany
invades Poland
quickly using Blitzkrieg
(lightning war) tactic
 Official beginning of WWII
 Signs non-aggression pact
with Soviet Union
1940
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Germany invades France and captures
Paris
Northern France is completely occupied
while Southern France “collaborates” with
Nazis-capital moved to Vichy
Attempts to invade Britain-Battle of
Britain
Prime Minister Winston Churchill rallied
British support
1941
Germany violates non-aggression
pact and invades Soviet Union
 US enters WWII when Japan
attacks Pearl Harbor
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1942
 US
gains control of Pacific
 Battle of Midway
 Island-hopping
 Japan is forced to retreat
1944
 D-Day
invasion of Normandy,
France
 Turning point of WWII
1945
Germany surrenders
 Hitler commits suicide
 Nuremburg trials
 US drops atomic bomb on
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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