Transcript WWII - 1 - 2016 - Political Ideologies and Events leading to WWIIx

• Reflect upon …
• (1) What events led to the rise of Adolf Hitler
to power?
• (2) From World History, last year, what do you
recall about events that led to the beginning of
World War Two?
Totalitarianism
• Complete control over its citizens
• Government leaders can act indiscriminately
• Individuals have limited civil rights and opposition
is suppressed, especially if individual interests are
contradictory to those of the state.
– The government is more important than the individual.
Communism
Political Ideologies
Fascism
Big Government
NSDAP
KPD
German
National
Peoples’ Party
Liberal
Catholic Center
Party
- Morality issues
Conservative
SPD – Social
Democratic
Party
Libertarian
- Avoid
warfare
Anarchist
- Voting reforms
- Worker’s rights
Small Government
Tea Party
Movement /
Libertarian
- Low taxes
Reading Chapter 13, Section One,
answer the following questions …
• (1) What interests (groups of people) in
Italian and German societies supported
the fascists?
• (2) How did the Soviet Union change in
the 1920’s and 1930’s?
• (3) Why did Japan invade Manchuria (in
China) in the 1930’s?
• (4) Is there a common cause that links
the political changes / developments in
all of these countries?
Fascism in Italy
Fascism
“All within the state, nothing outside the state,
nothing against the state.”
– Benito Mussolini
• This is a political system / philosophy that stresses:
– Nation more important than individual (Strong govt.)
– National security at the expense of individual freedom
– Supports capitalism and private property
• A dictator is needed.
• Often allies w/ religious factions
Italy & Benito Mussolini
• Founder of fascism
• Dreamed of an empire & reliving past glories
• March on Rome
• 22 – 29 Oct. of 1922
Socialism
• Can exist along-side democracy and capitalism
• Not necessarily anti-religious
• Government-ownership of some aspects of
economy and an attempt to “share the profits of
society.”
Communism
“From each according to his ability, to each according to
his need”
– Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto
• Political system advocating one-party rule, anti-democratic
• Anti-nationalistic, “Workers of the World, Unite”
• Strict control over civil rights & anti-religious
– Religion is the “Opiate of the masses,” according to Karl Marx
• Strict control of the economy and society, an “extreme form”
of socialism.
• Technically, a “command economy”
• Through use of “collectives” or “communes” there is no private
property.
Soviet Union & Joseph Stalin
• Russian Civil War, 1917 – 1922
• Soviet Union founded on Dec. 30, 1922
• 1922, began
restricting
individual liberties
• Joseph Stalin and
“Five Year Plans”
• By 1937, 2nd most
industrialized
country
Nazi Germany & Adolf Hitler
** What do each of these quotes
mean?
• Quote One: “The stronger must
dominate the weaker and not blend
with the weaker, thus sacrificing his
own greatness. … All great cultures
of the past perished only because
the originally creative race died out
from blood poisoning.”
Nazi Germany & Adolf Hitler
** What do each of these
quotes mean?
Quote Two: “With every means he
tries to subjugate. … Culturally, he
contaminates art, literature, the
theater, makes a mockery of natural
feeling, overthrows all concepts of beauty and
sublimity, of the noble and the good, and instead
drags men down …”
Nazi Germany & Adolf Hitler
** What is Hitler referring to in this
quote below?
• Quote Three: “The defeats of the
battlefield in August 1918 would have
been child’s play to bear. They stood in
no proportions to the victories of our
people. It was not [the defeats] which
caused our downfall; no, it was brought
about by that Power [Jews and Marxists] which
prepared these defeats by systematically over many
decades robbing our people of the political and moral
instincts and forces…”
Nazi Germany & Adolf Hitler
• Already discussed major events bringing him to power
• Hitler’s Ideology
In Mein Kampf (1923), major points …
• [1] – Uniting all German-speaking
people
• [2] – Racial purification and a master
“Aryan” race
• [3] – Germany needs “lebensraum” or
living space for national expansion
Aryan supremacy was one goal. Lebensraum “living
room” or “living space” the other.
The Beginning of German
Aggression - A Portent of
Things to Come …
** What was Hitler’s purpose in
occupying the Rhineland?
• 1933 – Germany pulls out of
League of Nations
• 1935 – Hitler continues build-up
of army
• 1936 – Militarization of the
Rhineland
Alliances Leading to Axis
Powers of WWII
• Rome-Berlin Axis (1936)
– Response to Spanish Civil War
(1936-39)
– Between Republicans /
Communists vs. Fascists
• Anti-Comintern Pact
– Anti-communism pact
– First between Germany & Japan
(1936)
– Italy joins (1937)
• Tripartite Pact (1940)
– Axis Powers formed
Why Did European Leaders Not Take a
More Aggressive Stand Against Hitler?
• Reasons European Leaders to Believe Hitler’s
Aggression was Limited:
- First, avoid a repeat of WWI
- Second, some of Hitler’s demands were thought reasonable
- Third, assumption Nazis wanted peace
- Fourth, many leaders feared Communist U.S.S.R. more
The Anschluss, the Sudetenland, and
Czechoslovakia
• Why annexing Austria?
• Why the
occupation of
the Sudetenland
and
Czechoslovakia?
The Anschluss, the Sudetenland, and
Czechoslovakia
• Austria:
– Austrian prime minister, Kurt Schuschnigg, agrees to
referendum
– March 12, 1938,
Germany troops
enter Austria
– Hitler avoids
referendum
– April, a referendum
occurs
Germany Enters Austria
Sudetenland Crisis
- By 1938, there
are 3 million
Germans living
in this region in
Czechoslovakia
Munich Conference & Agreement
• Appeasement – signed September 30, 1938, Hitler
gets Sudetenland and France & Great Britain get
peace
- Neville Chamberlain,
British Prime Minister
“Peace in our time”
Germany Enters Sudetenland
The Rhineland, Anschluss, Sudetenland,
and Czechoslovakia
• Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia:
– Hitler claims mistreatment by Czechs
– Sept., 30, 1938, leads
to the immediate
occupation
– This mountainous
region was militarily
strategic
– March 15, 1939,
German troops take
the rest of
Czechoslovakia
Why Did European Leaders Not Take a
More Aggressive Stand Against Hitler?
Heading …
“Remember
… One More
Lollypop,
and Then
You All Go
Home?”
Russian-Soviet Nonaggression Pact
• Molotov –
Ribbentrop Pact
– Aug. 23, 1939
• U.S.S.R. &
Germany avoid
war
– Hitler avoids two
fronts
– Gives Stalin time
to mobilize
• Russia & Germany
divide Eastern
Europe