Transcript WWII PART 1 PPT. - Cabarrus County Schools

What is a Dictator?
• It is a ruler who has complete power over a country.
• They control the economics, media, and religion of a country and
their citizens.
• Often, a dictator will exploit times of economic difficulty and feelings
of extreme nationalism to win support.
Objectives SWBAT identify the dictators of the
era and explain how they took power of
Europe define terms like fascism and
totalitarianism explain how democratic nations
tried to appease these dictators
Examples of Dictators:
Adolf Hitler of Germany
Objectives SWBAT identify
the dictators of the era and
explain how they took
power of Europe define
terms like fascism and
totalitarianism explain how
democratic nations tried to
appease these dictators
Benito Mussolini of Italy
Tojo of Japan
What is Fascism?
• It is a governmental system where the dictator has complete power
and control over the citizens. They use force to suppress opposition
and criticism, and usually use nationalism and racism as a source of
power.
Objectives SWBAT identify the dictators of the
era and explain how they took power of
Europe define terms like fascism and
totalitarianism explain how democratic nations
tried to appease these dictators
What is Totalitarianism?
• form of government that theoretically permits no individual freedom
and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of the individual’s life to the
authority of the government.
Objectives SWBAT identify the dictators of the
era and explain how they took power of
Europe define terms like fascism and
totalitarianism explain how democratic nations
tried to appease these dictators
What is an Isolationist ?
• As threats of war in Europe grew, US was in a mood to be isolationist.
• Congress passed Neutrality Acts which banned sale of arms and loans
to countries at war.
• FDR also continued his Good Neighbor Policy
towards Latin America by withdrawing from
Nicaragua and Haiti.
Objectives SWBAT identify the dictators of the
era and explain how they took power of
Europe define terms like fascism and
totalitarianism explain how democratic nations
tried to appease these dictators
Moving Towards War...
ITALY: Benito Mussolini
To Take Control….
• Exploited economic troubles
• Played up Italian anger about Versailles Treaty
(Italians were angry because they didn't get all the land they wanted)
• Used fears of Communist revolution
Once in power, Mussolini:
• Outlawed all other political parties
• controlled press, and wouldn't allow criticism of the govt.
• "Mussolini is always right" chanted in schools
• was called "Il Duce" the leader
• Invaded Ethiopia in 1935 to build a new "Roman Empire"
(Ethiopia called on the League of Nations for help, but they did
Objectives SWBAT identify the dictators of the
nothing)
era and explain how they took power of
Europe define terms like fascism and
totalitarianism explain how democratic nations
tried to appease these dictators
Moving Towards War...
JAPAN: Military leadership, Hideki Tojo
To take control...
• Tojo and other military leaders conquer the country by force
Took control and...
• seized Manchuria in NE China for coal and iron
(the League of Nations did nothing)
• 1937 began all out war against China
• Isolationist feelings in US prevented a response, even though
the US was concerned about the Philippines and the affects on
the Open Door Policy
Objectives SWBAT identify the
dictators of the era and explain
how they took power of Europe
define terms like fascism and
totalitarianism explain how
democratic nations tried to
appease these dictators
Moving Towards War...
GERMANY: Adolf Hitler
To take control, Hitler:
• took advantage of German anger over the
Versailles Treaty (Germans were blamed for WWI)
• organized the Nazis to help him win power vowed to bring jobs &
bread to families, playing on their economic difficulties spread a
message of hatred that blamed Germany's problems on the Jews
Once in power, Hitler:
• ended the democratic govt. becoming the Führer (leader)
• Crushed all rivals and made a Totalitarian State, or a system
where the single party controls the government and all aspects
of peoples' lives
Objectives SWBAT identify
the dictators of the era and
• banned all criticism of the gov’t and himself
explain how they took
• built up armed forces, or militarism
power of Europe define
terms like fascism and
totalitarianism explain how
democratic nations tried to
appease these dictators
Objectives SWBAT identify how the dictators of the era began WWII
In this excerpt, Adolf Hitler explains some of his ideas.
One blood demands one Reich (empire/nation). Never
will the German nation have the moral right to enter into
colonial politics until, at least, it includes its own sons
within a single state.... Oppressed territories are led back
to the bossom of a common Reich, not by flaming
protests, but by a mighty sword. Source: Adolf Hitler,
Mein Kampf, 1925-26 (adapted)
1. What did Hitler suggest was needed for Germany? How
would that lead to war?
War in Europe Begins
• 1936, Hitler takes Rhineland (area lost in the Versailles treaty)
• 1938, Germany annexed Austria (Hitler's homeland)
• 1938, Hitler claimed the Sudetenland, part of Czechoslovakia
(Britain & France had vowed to protect Czechoslovakia)
Munich Conference:
• Hitler assures European leaders he wants no more land
• Britain & France give in to Hitler's claims for the Sudetenland to preserve
peace
*This practice of giving in to aggression in order to avoid
further conflict is called appeasement.
...regardless of promises, Hitler takes the rest of Czechoslovakia in 1939.
Nazi/SovietPact
Soviet Union under Stalin made a pact with Hitler to not attack each other.
Secretly, they agreed to divide up Poland when it was conquered. German troops march into Poland in 1939.
Two days later, Britain and France declare war on Germany.
Appeasement had not worked.
"Second Ribbentrop-Molotov
Pact" of 28 September 1939.
Map of Poland signed by Stalin
and Ribbentrop adjusting
definitive German/Soviet
border in the aftermath of
German and Soviet invasion of
Poland.
Review
• What is appeasement, and how did Britain & France appease Hitler?
• Can you name the land that Germany attacks 1st after breaking the appeasement
contract ?
• What event broke the Nazi/Soviet Pact ?
War Begins
• Germany invades Poland in a lightning attack, or blitzkrieg
• Britain and France declare war on Germany
Axis Powers
Allies
Germany
Britain
Japan
France
Italy
Soviet Union
(6 others will join)
(US, China and 45
other countries later)
13
Spring of 1940, Germany marches north & west
• Germans take over Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium
• Germany & Italy attack and quickly take France, despite British help.
Germans march right into Paris and take over on June 22, 1940.
Battle of Britain
• Winston Churchill (Prime Minister) tells the world
that the British will stand firm!
• German planes bombard British cities after months of bombardment,
Germans gave up their planned attack on Britain.
14
American Policy
•
Most Americans sympathized with the Allies, but didn't want to go to war
• Roosevelt couldn't get the Neutrality Acts repealed, but he was able to pass a "cash and carry"
program to help supply Britain
• 1940 a peacetime draft was set up in the US, and greater
spending was approved for the military to prepare for war
• America's biggest fear was that Britain would fall and Hitler
would control the Atlantic Ocean!
• 1940 FDR breaks precedent and runs for a third term!
•
"Don't change horses midstream!“ was his slogan, and he won.
• To defend the 4 freedoms (speech, worship, want and from fear), the US needed to be the great
"arsenal of democracy."
• Lend Lease Act is passed in 1941: allowed sales and loans of war materials to any country whose
defense was vital to the defense of the US (aka, Britain and Russia).
Atlantic Charter:
•
1941
•
FDR & Churchill (British Prime Minister)
• plans for postwar world
• The two agreed to seek no territorial gain from war
• support all people in their right to choose their own gov’t & self-determination
15