Transcript World War II (1939

World War II (1939-1945)
Vocabulary
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Dictator- a ruler who
has complete power
over a country
Isolationist- country
who wants to stay out
of the affairs of other
countries
P.O.W.- Prisoner of
war
Nazi- claimed German
nation represented
most racially pure
people. Jewish nation
was greatest threat to
German race.
Start of WWII
September 1, 1939, Germany invades
Poland.
 Hitler (Germany) was trying to take back
land they lost to Poland after WWI.
 France and Great Britain declare war on
Germany on September 3, 1939.
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Pearl Harbor
American naval base in Hawaii in
which Japan launched a surprise
attack on
 December 7, 1941
 More than 3,400 people died or
suffered wounds in the attack.
 The attack brought the U.S. into
World War II.
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Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941)
Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941)
Reactions to Pearl Harbor
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Aliens, or people of foreign descent living
in the U.S., were now regarded with
suspicion, especially Japanese-Americans.
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President Roosevelt’s Executive Order
9066 ordered all Japanese Americans to
evacuate the West Coast and report to
internment camps, or places for political
prisoners.
Axis Powers
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Germany, Italy, and Japan
Adolf Hitler
Nazi dictator of
Germany.
 He was very antisemitic, imprisoning
and murdering
millions of Jewish
people during WWII.
 Hitler committed
suicide at the end of
the war.
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Benito Mussolini
He was the Fascist
Party leader who
became dictator of
Italy.
 Fascists believe in one
national group with
obedience to a
powerful leader. It’s
anti-democratic.
 Mussolini was captured
and executed in April
1945.
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Hideki Tojo
Prime Minister of
Japan who ordered to
go to war and attack
Pearl Harbor.
 Was executed for his
responsibility in
Japan’s war crimes.
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Allied Powers
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U.S., Great Britain, France, Russia, and
China
Winston Churchill
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Prime Minister of
Great Britain.
Joseph Stalin
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Communist dictator of
Russia.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)
President of the U.S.
during WWII.
 32nd President of the
U.S.
 Only president to
serve more than two
terms in office.
 Elected to four terms,
but passed away in
the first year of fourth
term.
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22nd Amendment (1951)
FDR’s never-before-seen four elections to
office led to the 22nd amendment, which
set the term limits for the President of
U.S.
 A President can serve no more than 2
terms and no more than 10 years total.
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Harry S. Truman
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FDR’s vice-president
who became
president in April
1945 when FDR
passed away.
Texans in WWII
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More than 750,000 Texans served in war
including 12,000 women.
22,000 Texans died
40 P.O.W. camps with more than 50,000
prisoners - more than any other state
Texas served as a training ground for the war
with 15 major military bases and 40 airfields.
Additionally, the Naval flight-training base in
Corpus Christi was the largest in the world.
Texans at home rationed (cut back) items such
as food, shoes, and gasoline to support
American soldiers.
Doris (Dorie) Miller
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Born in Waco, TX
First African American
hero of WWII.
Sailor on the U.S.S. West
Virginia at Pearl Harbor.
Fired at the Japanese
aircrafts as they attacked
Pearl Harbor until his
ship sunk.
Was later killed in action.
Oveta Culp Hobby
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Born in Killeen, TX
Was the organizer and
first commander of the
Women’s Army Corps.
Women’s Army CorpsPut women in positions
to serve in the Army.
Chester Nimitz
Born in
Fredericksburg, TX
 Commander in chief
of the Pacific Fleet.
 In 1942, he led the
Allies to victories in
the Battles of Coral
Sea and Midway.
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Audie Murphy
Born in Farmersville,
TX
 Most decorated
soldier in WWII with
33 awards.
 Received every U.S.
medal awarded for
personal bravery.
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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Born in Denison, TX
Supreme commander of
Allied forces in Europe.
Under his command,
the Allies successfully
invaded France on Dday in June 1944. His
forces defeated
Germany.
D-Day
Turning point of war.
 Marked the beginning of the Allied
invasion of western Europe.
 The Allies invaded
German occupied
France on June 6, 1944,
along the beaches
of Normandy, France.
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D-Day
D-Day
U.S.S. Texas
Was the only U.S.
battleship to serve
in both WWI and
WWII and that still
survives today.
 It is located in the
port of the San
Jacinto Monument
and became a
historic landmark.
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Hiroshima
U.S. dropped a
nuclear bomb “Little
Boy” on August 6,
1945, on the city of
Hiroshima in Japan.
 Killed over 100,000
people over a few
months.
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Atomic Bomb
Atomic Bomb Video
https://www.washingtonpost.com/posttv/na
tional/watch-the-first-atomic-bombexplosion/2015/07/16/d0e4119a-2bc3-11e5960f-22c4ba982ed4_video.html
Nagasaki
U.S. dropped the second nuclear bomb
“Fat Man” on the city of Nagasaki in Japan
on August 9, 1945.
 Killed between 60,000-80,000.
 Japan surrendered 6 days later to the
Allies.
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Nagasaki
WWII Over
Ended on September 2, 1945, with Japan
signing surrender on the U.S.S. Missouri in
Tokyo Bay.
 Over 22-25 million soldiers killed.
 Between 60-70 million people killed during
WWII.
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Effects of WWII on American
Society
Economic opportunities for women
increased
 Women had to work in jobs previously
reserved for men
 People bought war bonds to help pay for
the war
 People planted victory gardens
 People used meat, sugar and other goods
sparingly
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Texas after WWII
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Many Texans moved from rural areas to cities
(urban) during the war to take industrial jobs.
People from other countries and states and
soldiers returning from the war also moved to
cities in Texas.
TX changed from a rural state to an urban
society.
The TX economy used to be dominated by
farming and oil.
TX started to change to large industries.