Transcript World War Looms

Chapter 24
 Treaty
of Versailles
 Economic unrest/depression
 Rise of dictators

Solve problems through war
 Replaced
Lenin (1924)
 Collectivization of Agriculture (largegovernment-owned farms)
 5 year Economic Plans turn USSR into 2nd
largest industrial power by 1937
 Totalitarian Police State (complete control
over people, no rights, no opposition)
 Purges (1930’s): eliminate all
threats/enemies
 1920’s/30’s: responsible for 20+ million dead

Figures range from 20-60 million deaths in the
Stalin era
 Il
Duce (the leader)
 Fascist/Totalitarian state
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Nationalism
Militarism
Charismatic leader
Allow private property
Anti-democracy & communist
 Emperor
Hirohito (figurehead)
 Nationalism
 Expansionism
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
Living space
Resources
 Der
Fuhrer (the leader)
 National Socialist German Workers Party
(NAZI): 1919
 Symbol: swastika
 Fascist/totalitarian state
 Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
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Aryans: master race
Inferior races: Slavs, non-whites who serve the
Aryans
Jews: non-humans that are to be eliminated
 Lebensraum:
Germany
living space to the east for
 How
are the Nazis elected?

Hitler is excellent public speaker
Tells groups what they want to hear
Violence and intimidation against opposition
Anti-Treaty of Versailles
Economic troubles addressed
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Nazis pass laws establishing totalitarian state
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 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuMajt-
qooE
 Fascist
Francisco Franco (Germany/Italy) vs.
Anti-Franco Republicans (Western
Democracies/USSR)
 Franco wins and Spain becomes a fascist
state
 Positive for Germany
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Luftwafe and military gain fighting experience
Chance to test blitzkrieg tactics
 Negative
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for Germany
Spain does not join Germany during the war
 Resources
& Land
 Brutal war with over 20 million Chinese
civilian deaths
 Rape of Nanking/Japanese atrocities in the
Pacific
 Refused
Nazis in his government
 Germany annexed Austria
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March 12, 1938 (Anschluss-Union)
 Hitler,
Mussolini, Neville chamberlain
(Britain), Edouard Daladier (France)
 Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia (3 million
German speaking people)
 Given to Germany
 Hitler claimed it would be his last territorial
demand
 Policy
of appeasement: giving in to satisfy an
aggressor
 March 1939: Germany take the rest of
Czechoslovakia
 Germany
can avoid a two-front war
 Secret agreement to divide up Poland
 Germany
Invades Poland
 Blitzkrieg (Lightning War)
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Airpower, tanks, motorized infantry used in a
surprise, massive attack
Avoid trench warfare
Poland falls in 3 weeks
 Schlieffen
Plan (WWI)/Blitzkrieg through
Ardennes Forrest
 Drive to the English channel and trap 400,000
allied troops at Dunkirk
 Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium invaded
and fall
 Hitler’s mistakes at Dunkirk:
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Uses planes not tanks
Become cautious
Over 300,00 troops evacuated (main part of
British army)
 Germany
occupies northern/western/coastal
France
 Vichy France: puppet government in southern
France led by Marshal Petain
 Free French led by Charles de Gaulle
continue to fight
 Invasion
problem for Germany (Operation Sea
Lion)
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Must make amphibious landing against British
navy and Royal Air Force (RAF)
 Hitler
begins air war against British (Germany
has more planes/pilots)
 Why British win battle?
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Use of radar
Hitler begins bombing British cities not military
targets (The Blitz)
 Allied
strategic bombing of Axis powers (B-17
Flying Fortress)
 Germans use V1 & V2 rockets
 Germany develops the first jet plane (ME
262) but it comes too late to impact the war
 Democrats:
FDR
 Republicans: Wendell Willkie
 FDR wins and breaks the 2 term tradition
 Three
German armies invade USSR
 Targets: Leningrad, Moscow, Stalingrad
 Russians use scorched earth policy (fall back
and destroy everything the Germans could
potentially use)
 Hitler’s mistakes:
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Keeps changing objectives
Not prepared for winter
Fails to use non-Russians (Ukrainians, etc.) thus
forcing these people to help Russia
3
Neutrality Acts for isolationists (1930s)
 First peacetime draft in US history (1940)
 Lend-Lease Act (1941) support countries vital
to our defense
 Atlantic Charter (1941): war goals of
US/Great Britain. Sets up United Nations.
 US
knows about an attack, but do not think
that it will be Hawaii
 Over 2,400 killed; most from USS Arizona
 Japanese mistakes
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Miss 3 US carriers
Fail to destroy repair docks & oil storage
facilities
6
million Jews & 6 million others (Russians,
Slavs, Gypsies, etc.)
 1.5 million children and 2/3 of European
Jews
 Small
minority in Germany
 History of Anti-Semitism in Europe (Diaspora)
 Target/Blame for all of Germany’s problems
 Benefit
from anti-Jewish policies
 Afraid/Intimidation by Nazis

Most Germans were not Nazis, but feared their
power/retaliation
 Indifference
 1930s:
German euthanasia program to purify
German race
 1930s: concentration camps established for
the elimination of opposition & undesirables
(Dachau- first one in 1933)
 1933: Nazis encourage Jewish emigration,
but anti-Semitism & economic depression
prevents many from leaving
 1935: Nuremberg Laws (Jews lost citizenship,
jobs, & property. Could not marry non-Jews,
must wear the Star of David)
 1938:
Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)
November 9th
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Nazis attack Jews
20,000 Jews sent to concentration camps
Jews fined one billion marks (German currency)
for damages
 1939:
east
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Ghettos: Jews forced into small areas of
occupied cities. Many die from conditions or
intentionally killed. Used for slave labor and
later deported to death camps.
Mass Shootings: used to eliminate undesirables
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Germany acquires land/people to the
Slow & inefficient
Waste of resources
Psychologically destroys soldiers
January 20, 1942: Wannsee conference

Nazis develop and carry out the Final Solution to the
Jewish problem
 Specifically

designed vans
Slow, small, and waste of fuel
 Extermination
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Large showers using Zyklon –B cyanide gas
 Extermination
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Camps (6 in Poland)
Process:
Deportation: shipped by railroads like cattle to
death camps
Arrival: able-bodied are used for slave labor and
the rest are sent to gas chambers
Possessions: everything confiscated and used by
Nazis (most items sent back to Germany)
Disposal: mass graves or crematories
 Gas
Chamber
 Liquidation
of Ghettos part 1
 Liquidation
of Ghettos part 2
 “I’ve
got to make room”
 Hitler’s
mistake: waste of men and resources
when trying to fight a war
 Nuremberg
War Crimes Trial (November
22,1945 to October 1, 1946)
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Top 22 Nazis tried for war crimes against
humanity by Allied Powers
3 acquittals, 7 prison terms, 12 death sentences
 International
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Top 25 Japanese leaders tried except Emperor
Hirohito
18 prison terms, 7 death sentences
 War
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Military Tribunal: Far East
Crimes Trials
Numerous held in Europe & Asia by the Allies
Around 500,000 convictions