Transcript The Allied Victory

Study Questions
1. How many European Jews died as a result of the Holocaust? Pg.505
– Over 5 million
2. What was Operation Overlord? Pg. 510
– The code name for the Allied invasion of Normandy
3. Who was Dwight D. Eisenhower? Pg. 510
– Gen Eisenhower was the supreme Allied commander during WWII
Define the following terms…
1. Battle of Stalingrad (pg. 507)
–
Key battle in which the “Red Army” forced the Germans to retreat out of Soviet
Russia
2. D-Day (pg. 509)
–
Huge Allied invasion mounted to retake France from the Germans
3. Battle of the Bulge (pg. 510)
–
Final large scale attack by the Germans
4. Kamikaze (pg. 511)
– Japanese suicide pilots
Quick write: The Battle of Stalingrad
(Separate sheet of paper)
•
Using your knowledge of World History, retell the story of the Battle of Stalingrad
using the following prompt:
• You are a
at the Battle of
Stalingrad, compose a journal entry(s) describing your
experiences in the battle.
– A Russian citizen
– A Russian soldier
– A German officer
At least one paragraph; be sure to include:
- A date
- A description of who you are
- Specific details about the battle
Objectives
• Describe the Allied strategy in Europe
• List the efforts made on the home front
Review
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European Persecution of Jews
Jewish Life Before Hitler
1935 Nuremberg Laws
Kristallnacht
Jew’s flee Germany
Ghetto’s
Hitler’s “Final Solution
Extermination Camps
Death Camps
10:8:3
• Identify and locate the Allied and Axis
powers on a map and discuss the major
turning points of the war, the principle
theaters of conflict, key strategic
decisions, and the resulting war
conferences and the political resolutions,
with the emphasis on the importance of
geographic factors.
The Allied Victory
Ch. 16.4
Pgs. 506-513
Setting The Stage
• Main Idea:
– Allies score key victories
• Why it Matters Now:
– Allied victory in WWII est. conditions for the Cold War
and post Cold War world
• Setting the Stage:
– Roosevelt/ Churchill develop joint war policy.
– Stalin wants Allies to open up western front (to relieve
some of the pressure on USSR)
• Instead, Allies open up southern front in N. Africa/S. Europe (not
in France)
– This angers Stalin, USSR is left to fight alone for the time being.
The North African Campaign
Oct. 1942
Rommel’s forces dug in at El
Alamein, British forces attack
Nov. 4
Rommel retreats
Nov. 8
Allies launch Operation Torch
Led by General Dwight D.
Eisenhower Land in Algeria
and Morocco
May 1943
Caught in the middle, Rommell is
defeated
Battle of Stalingrad
• 1941-42
– Winter kills 500,000
German troops
Soviets launch a counter
attack in Stalingrad
• (Leningrad, Moscow)
• Aug. 1942
– Hitler bombs Stalingrad
• Reduced to ruble
– Hitler sends 330,000
troops to Stalingrad
• Stalin:
– “defend to the death”
• Germany controls 90% of the
city
– Another winter sets in
• Feb. 1943
– German troops surrender
• 90,000 remain
Soviet’s lose over
1 million troops
Battle of Stalingrad
• http://www.history.com/topics/world-warii/battle-of-stalingrad
Battle of Stalingrad
• Short answer question…
• What advantages might a weaker army
fighting on it’s home soil have over a
stronger invading army? (Answer in a
complete sentence)
Italy Falls
• Stalin wants Brits,
U.S. to attack France
(Why?)
• Allies attack Italy first
• July 1943
– Allies attack Sicily
– Captured in 1 month
• Sept. 1943
– Italy surrenders
E. Front
W. Front
Fall of Mussolini
• July 1943
– Capture of Sicily forces
Mussolini from power
– King Emmanuel III
• Takes power back from
Mussolini
• April 1945
– Mussolini captured!
• found hiding in an
ambushed German truck
– Shot dead, later hung in
Milan
Mussolini body
hanging in Milan
Total War
• All Allied countries rallied behind the war effort
• U.S. Made huge contributions1. WEAPONS
2. SUPPLIES
- Automobile co. Made tanks & Typewriter co. made
armor piercing shells
- 17-18 million Americans were working to support the war
(Many of whom were women)
Total War (Cont.)
• Rationing took place in the U.S
- Food
- Speed limit set at 35 mph
Victory in Europe
• 1943
– Allies plan an invasion of
France (Who is in France?)
• May 1944
– 3 million troops
– Led by Eisenhower
– Known as D-Day
– Germans knew it was
coming
• Did not know where
Dummy Army
Calais
D-Day
• June 6, 1944
– Operation Overlord
• Largest land/sea attack in history
• Allies take heavy casualties
• Sept 1944
– France, Belgium, Luxembourg liberated
D-Day
Study Questions
• What happened at The Battle of the Bulge? Pg.
510
• Why did the Japanese use Kamikazes pilots
During WWII? Pg 511
• What was the Manhattan Project? Pg. 513
• Who was General George Patton? Pg. 510
Battle of the Bulge: Final German Offensive
• Dec. 1944
– Hitler attempts to cut
through allied lines
• Divide allies
– Cutoff supplies
– Last hope for victory
• Germany eventually
had to retreat
– No reinforcements
– War in Euro. quickly
draws to a close
Bombing of Dresden
• Feb. 1945
– Allies bomb Dresden
• No real military value
– Creates FIRESTORM
– Temperatures reach 3,000°
• 135,000 die
• Total War: break the German spirit
End of War in Europe
• March 1945
– Allies move into
Germany
• 3 million Allies march
from SW
• 6 million Soviets march
from E.
– Cold War officially begins
V-E Day
• April 30, 1945
– Hitler commits ritual
suicide
• May 9, 1945
– V-E Day
• Germany officially
surrenders
Victory in Pacific
• Japanese retreating
since Guadalcanal
– Island Hopping
– May 1942
• US retakes
Philippines
– Oct. 1944
• Battle of Leyte Gulf
– Japanese try to fight
the US Navy
» Japanese Navy
completely
destroyed
Kamikaze
• Japanese suicide
pilots
– Would crash fully
loaded planes into
US naval ships
• Last resort, no navy
left
• Honorable to die in
combat
Japanese in Retreat
Japanese in Retreat
6/45
Iwo Jima falls
Japanese lose
100,000 troops
US lose 12,000
US 760 miles from
Japan
7/45
Okinawa falls
US 350 from Japan
Japanese Surrender
• Truman advised that: an invasion of Japan
might cost 500,000 lives
– Japan would not surrender
– Kamikaze, etc.
• Truman decides to use the Atomic Bomb!
• A-Bomb
– Developed during
the Manhattan
Project
Fat Man
• First tested in New
Mexico
• Truman warns
Japan:
– “…rain of ruin from
the air.”
– Japan does not
reply
Little Boy
Japanese Surrender
• 8/6/45
– US drops A-Bomb on
Hiroshima
• 70,000 die
• Japan refuses
surrender
• 8/9/45
– Nagasaki bombed
• 70,000 die
• 9/2/45
– Japanese surrender
– WWII over
Mushroom over Nagasaki
3-2-1 Activity
• Do the 3-2-1 activity in your notebook after
your notes.
• 3- Things you learned
• 2- Things you found interesting
• 1- you did not understand
• Answers such as: I don’t know and
Nothing do not count.
Review
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North Africa
Italy
Russia
D-Day
Battle of the Bulge
V-E Day
Hiroo Onoda 30 years of Loyalty
(Fought from1944-1974?)