Transcript Life Processes and Living things

Life Processes and Living
things
AQA GCSE Science Double
Award SPECIFICATION B: Coordinated
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About Your Course
• This is the first lesson of your Year 10 GCSE
Biology Course. Science is worth two GCSEs
from A*A*-DD at Higher level and from CC-GG
at Foundation Level. We will discuss your tier of
entry after the Y11 Mock exam.
• Biology contributes 26 2/3% towards your final
GCSE grade
• 20% of your final grade is an Coursework
Investigatiom
Modules you will study: [Y10]
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10.1: Cell Activity
10.2: Transport across Boundaries
10.3 Cell Division (Year 11)
10.4 Nutrition
10.5 Circulation
10.6 Breathing
10.7 Respiration
10.8 Nervous system
10.9 Homeostasis
10.11 Disease
10.13 Drugs
10.14 Plant Nutrition
10.15 Transport and Water Relations
Modules you will study [Y11]
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10.16 Variation
10.17 Genetics and DNA
10.18 Controlling Inheritance
10.19 Evolution
10.20 Adoption and Competition
10.21 Human impact on the environment
10.22 Energy and Nutrient transfer
10.23 Nutrient Cycles
Lesson objectives
• To recap the 7 Life Processes
• To be able to start 10.1: Plant and Animal
Cells
• To understand the differences between
plant and animals in terms of structure
• To recall the functions of the different
parts of plants and animal cells
• To be able to show this in a visual form.
• HT: To understand the term Mitochondria
Life Processes
These can be remembered using the Mnemonic ‘’MRS
NERG’’ or ‘’MES GREN’’
• Movement- the ability to move from one place to another
• Respiration – a chemical process that takes place in
every living cell
• Sensitivity – the ability to respond to your environment
• Nutrition – turning food into energy
• Excretion – getting rid of waste products
• Reproduction – producing offspring
• Growth- becoming larger in size
Features of Cells
• There are 3 main parts that are common to both plants
and Animal Cells. Organise these into the headings:
Plant and Animal Cells and plant cells only.
Plant Cells
Has a Nucleus
Has a Cell Membrane
Has Cholloroplasts
Plant and Animal Cells
Has a Cell Wall
Has a Cytoplasm
Has a Vacule
RE-ARRANGE SO THEY ARE IN THE CORRECT
COLOMNS
What are the functions of the Cell?
• Cell Wall is made of cellulose – it
strengthens and supports the cell
• Chloroplasts, which contain Chlorophyll,
absorb light energy to make food through
Photosynthesis.
• A Vacuole is filled with cell sap [a sugar
and water solution] and it provides rigid
support.
What are the functions of the
cell?
• Cell Membrane controls what goes in and
out of the cell
• Cytoplasm is where all the reactions take
place
• A Nucleus is like the ‘’brain’’ of the cell and
controls the activity of the cell.
THIS APPLIES TO BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS
What do they look like?
Additional Material for HT
HIGHER TIER
Chemical Reactions are controlled by
enzymes. The cytoplasm contains special
structures called Mitochondria, which is
where most of the energy is released
during respiration.
Homework
This question is taken from a past
GCSE paper.
Give the function of these parts of a
plant cell.
• Chloroplast
• Cell wall
• Vacuole
Cells, Tissues and Organs
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A group of similar cells is called a
A group of afferent tissues form a
A group of organs working together form a
Or a whole organism
Key Words:
Tissues
Organ
Organ System
Organism
Palisade Cells
• Palisade Cells are designed for
Photosynthesis
• Tall shape means a lot of surface area
exposed down the side for absorbing C02
• Good chance of light hitting the
chloroplast before it reaches the
bottom of the cell.
Specialist Cells
• Specialist Cells have a particular functions
that help them to carry out their job
efficiently.
• You might be asked how a particular type
of cell is adapted to the job it does. You
will therefore need to make notes on the
following pieces of information.
Sperm Cell
• 1) The sperm cell - designed to fertilise eggs
A sperm cell is very small and has a little tail
which provides movement so it can swim and
find an egg to fertilise
Its head contains enzymes (in the vacuole)
which allow it to digest its way through an egg
membrane so the two nuclei can join
It contains half the number of chromosomes in
the nucleus - these carry genetic information
from the father, which will be passed on to the
offspring
Cilia Cell
• 4) The cilia cell - designed to stop lung damage
Cilia cells line all the air passages in your lungs
They have tiny hairs, which filter the air as it blows
through
The hairs sweep mucus (snot) with trapped dust and
bacteria up to the back of the throat where it is
swallowed
Egg Cell
• 2) The ovum (egg) cell - designed to be fertilised
An ovum is large and bulky because no active
movement is needed - it just sits and waits for
the sperm to find it
It contains yolk (in the cytoplasm) which
provides a large food store needed for the
developing young organism once it's fertilised
It contains half the number of chromosomes,
which carry genetic information from the mother
- this will be passed on to the offspring
The root hair Cell
• 5) The root hair cell - designed for
absorbing
The long hair cell increases the surface
area of the root, which helps absorption of
water and minerals
It has a really thin cell wall, which makes it
easier for minerals to pass across into the
root itself
Red Blood Cells
• Doughnut shape to allow maximum O2
absorbed by the haemoglobin they
contain. The function is similar the the
Palisade Cells . They are doughnut
shaped rather than tall to allow smooth
passage through the capillaries
• They are so packed with Haemoglobin that
they have no room for a Nucleus
White Blood Cells
• Are specialised because they help protect
us against disease. They do this in two
ways:
• By engulfing the bacteria
• By producing Antibodies, which recognise
a particular type of illness the first time you
have it, so when it appears again, you will
not become ill.
• This does not, however, work with viruses.
Homework
• Explain how the Red Blood Cell [or a cell
of your choice] is adapted to the job it
carries out. In order to gain full marks, you
should express your ideas using the
correct scientific works and use good
English
(3 marks))