Transcript A View of the Cell

Cell Organelles
“Tiny organs” of the Cell
Objective: C2 - Identify the
structure and function of the
parts of a typical eukaryotic
cell and compare the
structures of plant, animal,
& bacteria cells recognizing
their complexity
– cell parts that perform
specific functions for the cell
 Organelle
A. Cytoplasm
 Everything
between the cell
membrane and the nucleus
 A jellylike mixture that consists mostly
of water
B. The Nucleus
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CONTROL CENTER of the Cell
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
– Covered with many
small pores that allow
messages, like RNA,
to be sent from the
Nucleus
B. The Nucleus
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CHROMATIN
– Consists of DNA bound
to protein

CHROMOSOMES
– Hereditary information

NUCLEOLUS
– MAKES (synthesizes)
RIBOSOMES
C. Ribosomes
• Are the site of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
• Some float free in the cytoplasm; others
attach to the ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
• found in ALL
cells
D. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• the site where lipid components of the cell
membrane are assembled
• is primarily a transportation system
• ROUGH - has ribosomes
• SMOOTH - no ribosomes
E. Golgi Apparatus/Body
• Processing, Packaging,
and Secretion
• System of membranes
made of flattened sac like
structures
F. Lysosomes
• Filled with enzymes
• Digestion of macromolecules
(lipids, carbohydrates, and
proteins) into molecules that
can be used by the cell
• Involved in breaking down
old cell parts
(Not found in plant cells)
G. Vacuoles
• for temporary storage of materials,
especially water
- big in plant cells
- small in animal cells
Animal
Cell
Vacuole
Plant
Cell
H. Mitochondria
• Converts chemical energy
stored in food into
compounds that the cell can
use
•"POWERHOUSE" OF THE
CELL
- ATP is the ENERGY
molecule of the cell
- ATP is produced in a
process called
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
I. Chloroplast
CHLOROPLASTS
• Capture energy from
sunlight and convert it
into chemical energy in
a process called
Photosynthesis
• Not found in animal cells
J. Cytoskeleton
• Helps maintain cell shape
• Helps the cell move
• Consists of TWO Types of structures:
- MICROFILAMENTS (threadlike)
- MICROTUBULES (hollow)
K. Centrioles
- cylindrical structures that are composed
of groupings of microtubules
- function in cell division
(Not found in plant cells)
L. CILIA AND FLAGELLA
• Extend from the surface of the cell
• Assist in movement
• CILIA are short hair like projections (not in plants)
• FLAGELLA are long whip like projections
Etymology
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Cytoplasm: cyto-, (cell) + -plasm (to mold)
Chloroplast: chloro- (Gk. KHLOROS, greenish
yellow) + -plast (to mold)
Endoplasmic: endo- (in) + -plasmic (to mold)
Lysosome: lyso- (loosening or dissolving) + -some
(Gk. SOMA, body)
Flagellum: (L. FLAGELLUM, little whip)
Cilia: (L. CILIUM, eyelid) NOTE: Cilia reminded scientists of eyelashes.
Vacuole: (L. VACUUS, empty)