Transcript The Cell

The Cell
Structures and
Functions
The Eukaryotic Cell
• Protists,
Fungi, Plants
and Animals
are examples
of
Eukaryotes.
• Although they
are different,
each of them
contain many
of the same
cellular
components
Cellular Organelles
• Organelle literally means “tiny organs”
• Eukaryotic Cells contain cellular
organelles that perform specific
functions for the cell
The Animal Cell
• All animals including
humans contain
animal cells
• These cells are
individually
specialized for
specific functions
Cytoplasm
• A jelly-like
substance
that contains
or holds of
cell’s
organelles
The Nucleus
• The brain of the
cell
• Contains all of an
organisms genetic
information
• Controls ALL
cellular functions
The Nucleus Cont……
• Nucleolus- the
center of the
nucleus contains
chromosomes and
makes ribosomes
• Nuclear Envelopeseparates nucleus
from the
cytoplasm
The Mitochondrion
• Supplies the
energy needed by
the cell
• Also known as the
“power house” of
the cell
• ATP is the cells
form of energy
Lysosomes
• Also known as the
stomach or trash
can of the cell
• It contains the
cells digestive
enzymes
Ribosomes
• Ribosomes make
proteins which
contain genetic
information
• The ribosome is
made in the
nucleolus
The Golgi Apparatus
• Packages proteins
for export by the
cell
• Similar to factory
workers
• Appear as
flattened sacks
Microtubules
• Pass information
from the nucleus
to other parts of
the cells
• Microtubules act
as telephone wires
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Makes steroids
and regulates
calcium levels
• Breaks down toxic
substances
• Smooth ER acts
like a factory
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Moves proteins
through the cell
• Rough ER acts as
delivery trucks
• Rough ER are
covered in
ribosomes
Cell Membrane
• Selectively
permeable / semipermeable
• Lipid bi-layer (2)
• Controls what
enters and leaves
the cell
• Found in both
plant and animal
cells
The Plant Cell
• Contains many of
the same
organelles as the
animal cells
• Characterized by
its square shape,
chloroplast, and
central vacuole
The Cell Wall
• Help plants to
keep their shape
and offers
protection
• Made of cellulose,
a carbohydrate
Chloroplast
• Uses light energy
to make sugars
(food for plants)
• The site of
photosynthesis
• Contains
chlorophyll which
gives plants their
green color
Vacuole
• Stores water,
nutrients and
wastes
• The largest
organelle found in
the plant cell
The Eukaryotic Cell