Transcript cell organelles notes adv. - San Diego Unified School District

Adv Biology 1-2
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There are two types of cells.
 Prokaryote-cell lacking a nucleus and organelles.
▪ DNA is free floating.
▪ Reactions occur throughout the cell.
▪ Bacteria.
 Eukaryote-cell containing a nucleus and
organelles.
▪ Organelle-membrane bound structure in a eukaryotic
cell.
▪ Each has a specific function.
▪ Reactions occur in organelles.
▪ Increases the surface area for reactions to occur.
▪ 2 types of eukaryotic cells:
▪ Plant animal cells
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Inside of all cells is a jelly-like fluid called the
cytosol.
 Mostly water.
 Also contains ions, proteins, lipids and other
dissolved molecules.
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Cytoplasm-everything inside of the cell.
 Includes the cytosol and organelles.
 Does not include the nucleus.
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Nucleus-contains DNA.
 Contains most of the genes
that control the cell.
 Nuclear envelopemembrane surrounding the
nucleus.
 Nucleolus-organelle inside
of the nucleus; makes
ribosomes.
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Ribosome-makes proteins.
Endoplasmic reticulum
(ER)-a series of membranes
running throughout the cell.
 Rough ER-makes proteins and
new membranes.
▪ Has ribosomes on it.
 Smooth ER-makes lipids and
steroids, breaks down
carbohydrates and toxins.
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Golgi apparatus-a
series of membranes,
takes the products of
the ER, packages and
ships them throughout
the cell.
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Vesicle-membrane sac for storing and
transporting molecules.
Vacuole-membrane sac for storing food and
water.
 Stores water and food before digesting it.
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Lysosome-membrane sac containing
enzymes for breaking down organic
compounds.
Peroxisome-membrane sac, breaks down
fats and toxins.
 Produces hydrogen peroxide.
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Mitochondrion-makes
ATP for the cell.
 ATP is used to provide
energy for reactions to
occur.
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Cytoskeleton-a series of protein tubules and
filaments throughout the cell.
 Provides shape and support to the cell.
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Plant cells have two unique structures.
 Cell wall-rigid wall of cellulose (a polymer of
glucose) surrounding a plant cell.
▪ Provides shape and protection.
 Chloroplast-the site of photosynthesis.
▪ Photosynthesis produces sugar for the plant.
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A cell is like a city with structures that each
serve a specific function.
The cell structures are called “organelles”
(little organs)
Each organelle of a eukaryotic cell has a
specific function.
Cell Organelle Jigsaw
Analogies.
 What is an analogy?
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“A comparison between two things
which are similar in some respects,
but otherwise different. An
explaining of something by
comparing it point by point with
something else.”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Plasma membrane
Cell wall
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Vacuoles
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm
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For each organelle:
 Summarize its function in 2 sentences
 Draw it
 Create an analogy
The plasma membrane is like _________________________ because it
____________________________________________________________________
in the same way _____________________________________________________.
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Cells can be compared to many objects:
cities, countries, states, even schools.
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Your job will be to create and compare the
parts of the cell to parts of a city (or any other
reasonable thing)
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Your final draft will consist of a drawing on a
poster and a written final copy.
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Warmup: How is the
nucleus the “control
center” of the cell?
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Ribosomes:
 Assemble proteins
from raw materials.
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2 types of proteins:
 Proteins inserted back
into the ER to make
more ER or other
organelles
 Secretory proteins;
secreted by the cell
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Makes lipids
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Contains enzymes that
perform many functions.
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Stores calcium in muscle
tissue for contraction.
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Receives and
modifies substances
made in the ER.
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One side serves a
receiving dock.
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One side serves as a
shipping dock.
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Cell city project: (2 parts)
1. Poster (25%)
1. Should have colored diagrams of parts of a city, school
or what you are comparing the cell to.
2. Next to each structure label the structure and the
organelle you are comparing it to.
3. Ex. City Hall/Nucleus
2. Written Report: (75%)
1. A typed or neatly written paper that fully describes
and supports your analogies for all 12 cell parts in
bullet form.
2.
“The nucleus of a cell is like city hall because the nucleus contains
the genetic information of the cell and gives instructions to the
ribosomes to make proteins in the same way that city hall contains
the law of a city provides instructions and directions to keep the city
running well”
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Due Tomorrow (Friday) beginning of class
One 3x5 index card per organelle
Front:
 Name of organelle, neat colored drawing.
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Back:
 2 sentences describing the structure.
 2 sentences describing the function.