Transcript Hitler joins right-wing Bavarian German Workers

27 March 2008
Election of 1936
Rise and Fall of the Weimar Republic
Rise of Totalitarian Dictators
oAdolf Hitler
oBenito Mussolini
oHideki Tojo
oJoseph Stalin
Pre War Aggression
Appeasement
Blitzkrieg’s First Victim: Poland
Pre World War Two
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Democratic Government est. 1919
Blamed for loss of war
No democratic support from people
Standing Army
 Less than 100,000
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Strict rules, not freedoms
Owed billions to Allied Powers for cost of
war
1.
2.
Inflation
Depression
• World effected by Stock market crash
3.
Starvation
• Could not afford basics for life
4.
Chaos
• Violent outbreaks throughout country
5.
Desperation of people
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Inflation
 Cost of a loaf of Bread
 1918 – less than one Mark
 1922 – 160 Marks
 1923 – over 200 million Marks
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Wartime Debts
 Germany could not pay, so the government printed
more & more $$
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Charles Dawes
 American Banker
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Loaned Germany $200 million
 Stabilize currency
 Strengthen Economy
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Pulled Germany out of Economic despair
By 1929
 Factories were running again
 People could afford basic needs
It became
cheaper to burn
money than to
buy wood.
WWI ends - 1918
Hitler head of Nazis – 1921
Nazis grow across - 1924
Germany
1934
President Von Hindenburg
Dies
Nov. 9th 1938
“Night of Broken Glass”
1919 – Hitler joins Nazi
party
1923 – Beer Hall Putsch
1932 – Nazi #1 party
1934 – Hitler takes over
Germany
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1913: Moves from Vienna to Munich
Joins German army and serves in the Great
War
1919: Hitler joins right-wing Bavarian
German Workers Party
 Name of party changed to National Socialist
German Workers Party (members are called Nazis
because of the pronunciation of National)
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1921: Assumes leadership of NSDAP
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German economic problem (hyperinflation)
leads to increased membership
1923: Beer Hall Putsch in Munich
 Hitler attempts to overthrow government
 Arrested to sentenced to prison
 Writes Mein Kampf (My Struggle); sets out long-
term political aims
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Master race – Aryan
 Destiny to rule inferior races
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Superior race had right to rule other races
Blamed Jews for following
1.Loss of WWI
2.High Unemployment
3.Communism
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Hitler wanted German Empire
 Rule all of Europe and world
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Racial Purification
 “Aryans” formed a master race destined to rule the
world
 Inferior races (Jews, Slavs, and nonwhite) were to
serve
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National Expansion
 For Germany to thrive, needed more living space
 Secure land and soil to which they are entitled even if
by the “the might of a victorious sword”
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United all German speaking people in a great
empire
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After Munich, “Legal Revolution”
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Employ propaganda to create national mass party
therefore able to come to power through electoral success
Develop bureaucratic structure and prepare for
government roles
1928: NSDAP has acquired respectability and
access to wealthy contributors
 1933: Hitler sworn in as Chancellor
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Within two months Hitler has dismantled democratic
republic and established the Third Reich (Third Kingdom)
which is to last 1000 years
Totalitarian State (est. 1934)
 Immediate changes
1.Nazi only legal head of Party
2.Hitler takes control of Army
3.Unions illegal
4.Hitler absolute Dictator – orders from no one
5.Kill and eliminate all enemies of state
Concentration Camps
Nazi’s had control over society
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Ernst Rohm (leader of the SA, and loyal
follower of Hitler) had made enemies
within the Nazi Party
Enemies convinced Hitler Rohm had gained
too much power
Hitler agrees to have SA leaders removed
 Rest of SA to fall under army for allegiance
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SS arrest leaders of SA and political
opponents
 Rohm shot while others bludgeoned to death
 Mussolini
had been a supporter of
Italian entry into WWI
 After WWI,
Italy suffering from
unemployment and inflation causing
strikes
 Mussolini
and vets found Fasci di
Combattimiento (Movement gains
sympathy of army and the king)
 1921:Fascist Party established
• Stress nationalism and state above individual
 28
October 1922: Threatens to march
on Rome
• King invites Mussolini to Rome and appoints him
head of government (Calls himself “Il Duce”)
• Followers: “Black Shirts”
Hideki Tojo of Japan
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Japan is in need or more space for
growing population
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Tojo is an extreme militarist and advocate
of total war
1937: Army Chief of Staff
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Must invade neighboring nations
Commanded army against Chinese in Manchuria
1940: Promoted to Minister of War
Tojo cont’d
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1941: Prime Minister
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Controls government and directs military
operations
1945: At conclusion of war, arrested as a
war criminal
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Convicted and executed on 23 December 1948
Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili
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1929: Comes to power after Lenin’s death
Wants to create model communist state
 Improve agriculture and grow industry
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Abolishes privately owned farms, replaced
with collectives
 Millions displaced and thousands killed
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Five Year Plans
 Wants to transform SU into industrial power
 Industrial activity placed under state; personally
managed by Stalin
∞ 1: Coal, iron, oil, steel, and electricity
∞ 2: Heavy industries and communication systems
∞ 3: Emphasis on War Production
 Results: SU becomes second in overall production
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Purging of the Population
 Anyone who threatened Stalin’s power, anyone he
disliked, or anyone not meeting demands of Five
Year Plans
▪ Sent to Siberia or to a labor camp
▪ “Disappear”
 Responsible for estimated 8-13 million deaths
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Use your previous knowledge and what you
have learned today to answer the following
question.
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In your opinion, which ruler was the harshest,
the cruelest, and overall the worse? Support
your answer.