Transcript The United States in World War II

The United States in World War
II
Chapter 17
Mobilizing for Defense
Section 1
Americans Join the war effort
Japan underestimated American resolve
Americans enraged, volunteer for duty
5 million volunteer, but draft still needed
Draft provides another 10 million
Americans inexperienced, but eager for combat
8 week basic training
Expanding the Military
George Marshall
WAAC
What types of role did women play in the war?
How did minorities feel about the war?
Minorities had a huge role in World War II
Navajo code talkers
A Production Miracle
War effected every aspect of life
Factories converted to war production
Stopped producing cars
How did World War II help improve the economy and
the lives of Americans?
Who was A. Phillip Randolph?
Mobilization of Scientists
ORSD is created
Office of Scientific Research and Development
Developed new technologies
Radar, sonar, pesticides, drugs ,weapons
Manhattan Project
Atomic Bomb
Federal Government Takes
Control
How did the government take control of the economy?
OPA
Froze prices
Taxes raised
War Bonds
War Production Board
Rationing
What was rationed?
The War for Europe and N. Africa
Section 2
U.S. Enters the War
Soviet Union fights on in the East
N. Africa campaign
Italian Campaign
D-Day
Allies Liberate Europe
Unconditional Surrender
http://www.worldology.com/Europe/world_war_2_imap.htm
The U.S. and U.K. Join Forces
Churchill and FDR meet to decide war plans
Become good friends
Decide to focus on Germany and Europe first
The Battle of the Atlantic
Submarine warfare against Allied ships
Prevent food and materials from getting to Allies
Starve Britain into submission
German wolfpacks destroy 681 allied ships in 7 months
Convoy system, radar, planes destroy German subs
U.S. destroys them faster than Germans can make them
U.S. builds 140 ships/month
The Eastern Front and the
Mediterranean
The Battle of Stalingrad
Winter of 1943
Huge turning point in the war
Harsh winter stops Germans from reaching moscow
Hitler wants to destroy Stalingrad, reach oil fields
Situation desperate
Stalin orders to defend Stalingrad to the death
The Battle of Stalingrad
Germany controls 9/10 of city by September
Another harsh winter hits
Massive counter offensive by Soviets
Surround Germans
Hitler tells German generals to stay and fight
Big mistake by Hitler
German commander surrenders January 31, 1943
Soviets lose 1.1 million soldiers
Soviets now have them momentum
North Africa
Stalin wanted a Western Front
Soviets taking sever losses in East
U.S. and Britain not ready to invade Europe
Eisenhower vs Rommell
Victory for the Allies
Map on pg 572
The Italian Campaign
Allied leaders agree to only accept unconditional
surrender of Axis
Debate on where to invade next
English channel seen as too risky still
Decide to invade Italy
Battle of Anzio
Italy not freed until 1945
Heroes in Combat
Tuskegee Airman
Buffalo Soldiers
Mexican Soldiers- 17 medal of honors
Japanese Americans
Navajo code talkers
The Allies Liberate Europe
D-Day
D-Day
June 6, 1944- Normandy France
Operation Overlord
Massive invasion of Europe
3 million American, British, Canadian troops
Had to keep plan secrete, trick Nazis
Hitler kept army at Calais- 150 miles away from
Normandy
D-Day
Originally set for June 5th, weather delay
Paratroopers invaded the night before behind enemy
lines
Largest invasion in history
Omaha Beach
Invasion is a success despite obstacles
Allies Gain Ground
D-Day allows Allies foothold in France
Omar Bradley- massive offensive at St. Lo
General Patton liberates France
France was under Nazi occupation for 4 years
By September 1944 the Allies had liberated France,
Belgium, and Luxembourg
FDR wins 4th term behind Allied success
Battle of the Bulge
Last push by Hitler to turn the tide of the War
Bastogne- importance
Massive German offensive
Created bulge in the line
Malmedy masacre
Americans surrounded- 101st airborne
“Nuts”!!!!
Allies prevail, Germany is on the run
End is just a matter of time
Battle of the Bulge
Liberation of Death Camps
Liberation of Death Camps
Soviet troops first to liberate death camps in Poland
SS hurried to kill and burn all of the victims- evidence
Nazis ran out of time
Liberators found massive murder machines
800,000 pairs of shoes at Majdanek
A Personal Voice- pg 576
Unconditional Surrender
April 1945
Soviets take Berlin (Allies allow them to get there first)
April 29- Hitler marries Eva Braun, commits suicide
next day
Last address to German people- blames Jews for War
VE Day- unconditional surrender 1 week later
FDR’s Death
FDR dies on April 12, 1945
Stroke
Doesn’t live to see VE or VJ day
Harry Truman becomes president
Discussion Questions
Why did the Allies win the war?
Was Hitler’s defeat inevitable?
Could D-Day have been a failure?
What was FDR’s legacy?
How could the Holocaust have occurred?
The War in the Pacific
Section 3
Japanese Advances
6 months after Pearl Harbor
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsWiYOgKdp8
Japanese create massive empire (much larger than Hitler’s)
What areas did they conquer?
Americans defeated in Philippines
General Douglas MacArthur
“I shall return”
Doolittle Raid/Coral Sea
Spring 1942 Americans begin to turn the tide
Surprise raid on Japan
Risky
Bombers off aircraft carriers
Pearl Harbor movie
Battle of Coral Sea
Prevented Japanese from invading Australia
Battle of Midway
Turning point in Pacific War
Huge Naval battle
U.S. breaks Japanese Naval Code
Chester Nimitz
Japanese lose 4 aircraft carriers- devastating
Allies begin island hopping
Allies On The Offensive
Begin on Guadalcanal and Solomon Islands
August 1942
19,000 U.S. troops
Island of Death
First Japanese defeat on land
Japanese suffer defeats on Islands through out Paficic
General MacArthur returns to Philippines in 1944
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrUOtrQUOYI&feature=relmfu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p93Uoj-Qmtw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAUUdcSEi0s
Japanese Defense
Kamikaze
Banzai attacks
Propaganda, believe they should fight to the death
Surrender was dishonorable
Iwo Jima
Sulfur Island
Mt. Surabachi
Heavily fortified, most heavily defended spot on Earth
Days of heavy artillery bombardment does nothing
6,000 Americans die taking Island
200 of 20,000 Japanese survive
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_STOvfNxXPs&feature=
relmfu
Okinawa
April 1945
Close to Japan
Fighting gets more fierce
Kamikaze attacks
7,600 Americans KIA
110,000 Japanese KIA
Forecast of what to come if invading Japan
Churchill predicts 1 million U.S. lives will be lost
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ko_NfgpYdOM&feature=relmfu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dARSvPDoJag&feature=youtu.be
The Atomic Bomb
The Atomic Bomb
Invasion would have huge costs
Atomic bomb could save American lives
J. Robert Oppenheimer
Ambitious scientific project
Best kept secret of the war
Difficult decision for Truman
Was it the right Decision? Pair Share
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Hiroshima August 6th
Nagasaki 3 days later
200,000 die in Nagasaki
Emperor Hirohito signs unconditional surrender of
Japan
VJ day September 2, 1945
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4UkdFPpzdI&feat
ure=relmfu
Rebuilding Begins
Rebuild Europe and Japan
Not make mistakes from WWI
War Criminals
Occupation
Yalta Conference
Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill meet
Big 3
How to shape the world when war ends
Stalin wants harsh approach on Germany
Churchill disagrees
Who is right?
FDR mediates
Why is the Soviets important to the U.S.?
Yalta Conferences
Divide Germany
Stalin promises free elections in Eastern Europe
Stalin agrees to join war vs Japan
FDR dream of a UN becomes reality
Nuremberg War Trials
War crimes against the Nazis
24 Nazi leaders tried for crimes
12 are sentenced to death
200 more brought to justice in later trials
Many people involved in Holocaust go free