Transcript End of WWII PowerPoint

THE END OF WWII
TEKS AND OBJECTIVES
WE WILL…
I WILL…
(1F) identify major causes and effects of
WWII
• Make a paper crane and a hashtag in
memory of the victims of the atomic
bomb dropped on Japan
(12B) explain the roles of various world
leaders during WWII
(20D) explain the significance of the
United Nations
(28C) explain the effects of major military
technology on WWII
RECAP
• Germany had conquered: Austria, Poland, Denmark, Norway, The
Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, and France.
• Germany had substantially weakened Great Britain and the USSR.
• Japan had expanded into China, conquered many islands in the
Pacific Ocean, and attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor.
• Italy had been fighting Africa and been a significant supportive ally
for Germany.
THE BEGINNING OF THE END:
THE INVASION OF ITALY
• July 1943: United States
invades Italy from Sicily
• 1945: Allies defeat Germans in
Italy
• Mussolini was executed
DEATH OF FDR
• FDR had been elected
to a 4th term
• April 12, 1945
–FDR dies of a stroke
–Harry S. Truman
becomes 33rd President
THE END OF HITLER
►April 30, 1945 Hitler and
Eva Braun commit suicide
(gun shot and cyanide)
►Cover of Time magazine
May 7, 1945
V-E DAY
MAY 8, 1945
►May 8, 1945
►General Eisenhower accepted a surrender by the Third Reich
►V-E day = Victory in Europe day
►1st part of War was over
NUREMBERG TRIALS 1945-1946
►International tribunal court tried Nazi officials in Nuremberg,
Germany
►12 of the 22 defendants were sentenced to death
►200 other officials were found guilty, but given lesser sentences
MEANWHILE,
IN THE PACIFIC…
BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA –
MAY 1942
►Prior to this battle, the Japanese were winning
every battle and taking over the Pacific
►U.S. was beginning to use the Island Hopping
technique to weaken Japan’s forces
►Japan won the actual battle, but the allies were able
to stop Japanese invasion (Australia) for the first
time
BATTLE OF MIDWAY – JUNE 1942
►Japanese code intercepted by U.S.
►U.S. launched surprise attack on Japan at Pacific
island called Midway
►Japanese crushed; turning point of the war
IWO JIMA – MARCH 1945
►Island in the Pacific that was critical for
U.S.
►27,000 Japanese held Iwo Jima
►U.S. won
–26,800 Japanese troops died
–6,000 U.S. Marines died
BATTLE OF OKINAWA – JUNE
1945
►Japan’s last defensive stronghold
►Japan used 1,900 Kamikaze attacks
►U.S. won
THE MANHATTAN PROJECT
• Research and creation of
the Atomic Bomb
• 600,000 people involved,
but few knew what it
was
• July 16, 1945: Test in New
Mexico
HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI
• August 6, 1945: Hiroshima
– Plane carrying the bomb named Enola
Gay
– 1st Bomb code-named “Little Boy”
• August 9, 1945: Nagasaki
– 2nd bomb code-named “Fat Man”
• Cities were industrial centers for
Japanese military
• Total of about 200,000 people died
– Many more die later from exposure to
radiation
V-J DAY (VICTORY IN JAPAN DAY)
• August 14, 1945: Japan
surrenders
unconditionally
• September 2, 1945:
Victory in Japan day
–Japan signs the official
surrender document
TOKYO TRIALS
►Tokyo Trials held for
Japanese war criminals
►7 out of 28 leaders were
found guilty and sentenced
to death
►Hideki Tojo, Japanese
General, among those
executed
A N D T H E WA R WA S
F I N A L LY OV E R …
NOW TO PUT EUROPE BACK
TOGETHER AGAIN (AGAIN)
YALTA CONFERENCE
FEBRUARY 1945
►THE BIG 3: Franklin D. Roosevelt (United States), Joseph Stalin
(Soviet Union), and Winston Churchill (Great Britain) met in Yalta
(Soviet Union)
►Decided to split Germany into four occupation zones
►Agreed to free elections in Eastern European countries
►Formed the United Nations
YALTA – “THE BIG 3”
Churchill
Roosevelt
Stalin
POTSDAM CONFERENCE
JULY – AUGUST 1945
►Harry S. Truman (United States), Clement
Attlee (Great Britain), and Joseph Stalin
(Soviet Union) met in Potsdam Germany
►Open disagreements; countries had no
need to stick together anymore
Attlee Truman
Stalin
Differences Between Yalta and Potsdam
Yalta Conference
Potsdam Conference
Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin Truman,Attlee, and Stalin
Germany to be split into four
zones
Arguments over boundaries of
zones
Germany will pay reparations
Arguments over amount Russia
wanted
Communism taking over in
Eastern Europe
Free elections in Eastern
Europe
Russia would help against Japan U.S. did not tell Stalin about
Atomic bomb; used it to get
Japanese to surrender before
Russia intervened