Transcript mobilizing for war - Marmaton Valley Schools

MOBILIZING FOR WAR

Economy
– Industrial output twice that of Germany and five
times that of Japan
– Fought and won the war because of our industry
– Incentives

Cost plus contacts-more you produced and the faster
you produced it the more you got paid
– Automobile industry produced 1/3rd of all military
equipment
– War production board

Army
– Selective service and training act (draftconscription)

First peace time draft in our history
– Segregated forces
Double V-fight racism abroad and at home
 Airmen of Tuskegee

– Women

Slogan “release a man for combat”
EUROPEAN CAMPAIGN

North Africa
– Operation torch
– Wanted to control the Medetarian Sea
– George Patton

Atlantic
– Convoy system- protect ships from German subs

USSR
– Germany tries to kill their economy
– Get 250,000 men trapped behind Russian
troops
– Only 5,000 survive battle and POW camps
– Major turning point in the European war

Italy
– Mussolini taken prisoner by King
– Italy sues for peace in 1943

France
– Operation overlord

Stalin meets with Roosevelt and Churchill in
Tehran, agrees to go on offensive when allies
invade in 44
– D-Day, June 1944
7,000 ships with over 100,000 men, 23,000
paratroopers
 Land on code name beaches of Utah, Omaha,
Juno, Gold, sword
 US troops land on Utah and Omaha

– Utah went well
– Omaha – 2,500 marines killed and wounded
– Battle of the Bulge
Hitlers last chance at victory
 Attacks with all he has at the middle of our forces
in France
 Almost breaks through, runs out of supplies and
fuel




April 12, 1945 Roosevelt has a stroke and dies.
Harry S. Truman becomes president
April 30, 1945 Hitler commits suicide
May 7, 1945, VE day
WAR IN THE PACIFIC

Philippines
– Under command of Douglas Macarthur
– Bataan Death march
– Doolittle raid
Decide to attack Tokyo for retaliation on Pearl
Harbor
 Japanese change strategy because of the raid
and decide to go after knock out blow on US
at Midway


Midway
– Turning point in the Battle in the Pacific
against the Japanese
– Defeated the Japanese Navy, had broken their
code

Coral Sea
– 1st naval battle in history where ships never
see each other
– Stop Japanese advance to Australia


Island hopping
Leyte gulf
– 1st time Kamikaze used

Iwo Jima
– Need island for air base to attack main land of
Japan, island is only 350 miles from Japan
– 6,800 marines are killed and wounded

Fire bombing
– Fire bomb Tokyo with bombs filled with
Napalm, kill 80,000 people and destroy
250,000 building
– Fire bomb 67 cities by wars end

Atomic Bomb
– Manhattan project under direction of Robert
Oppenheimer
– Big argument on whether we should use this
weapon or not, decide to warn Japan that we
have a new weapon of mass destruction
– Japan does not like unconditional surrender
terms
– Aug. 6, 1945 drop “little boy” on the city of
Hiroshima
Enola gay
 Killed between 80,000 and 120,000 people,
destroyed 63% of the city



Aug. 9, 1945 drop
“fat man” on the
city of Nagasaki
killing between
35,000 and 74,000
people
VJ day Aug. 15,
1945
LIFE AT HOME

Women
– Went to work to take up the slack in the
work force
– Rosie the riveter

African Americans
– Phillip Randolph
Takes the opportunity to fight for civil rights
 Plans a march on D.C.
 Roosevelt passes Executive order 8802

– Banned discrimination in employment if you
had government or defense contracts
– Fair employment practices commission


1st first civil rights agency established
Japanese Americans
– Rumors of spies after Pearl Harbor
– Roosevelt signs an order allowing the war
department to declare parts of the US a
military zone and remove anyone they want
from that zone
– Use this to intern 100,000 Japanese
Americans
– create 10 camps
– Supreme court in Korematsu v United States
declares it legal, not based on race but on
Military urgency
– Reagan officially apologizes on behalf of the
United States in 1998 and gives $20,000 to
each surviving Japanese American

Rationing
– Wage and price controls
– Red and blue points

Red for meats, fats and oils, blue for processed
foods
– Victory gardens

Paying for the war
– Raised taxes
– Sold bonds
E-bonds most common, bought them for $18.75
and sold them back in 10 year for $25.00
 Raised 50 billion in war bonds
