Transcript The Language of Science and Process Skills Review Robert Hooke

The
Language of
Science and
Process
Skills Review
Robert Hooke


First discovered in 1665. Using a
microscope, he saw little boxes in a
slice of cork.
He named them cells.
Anton vanLeeuwenhoek

the first person to see living cells
The Cell Theory (3)
1.
All known living things are made up of
cells.
2.
The cell is the basic unit of structure
and function in all living things.
3.
All cells come from other living cells.
Cell Membrane
A
thin, flexible barrier that surrounds a cell
 Controls what goes into or out of the cell
 Protects and supports the cell
Cytoplasm
 Gel-like
substance
inside the cell
 Fills the space
between all the cell
parts and gives the
cell its shape
organelles
 the
parts or
structures inside a
cell
 they carry out
functions (jobs)
inside the cell
Nucleus
 “Control
center of
the cell” - Directs all
cell activities
 Usually the easiest
organelle to see
under a microscope
Nuclear Membrane
 Surrounds
the nucleus
 Controls what goes into
and out of the nucleus
Chromosomes
 structures
in the
nucleus made of
DNA
DNA
 long,
threadlike,
material that
contains the
instructions for
everything the cell
does
Mitochondria
“Powerhouse of the cell” releases energy

from food
 Cellular
respiration occurs here to release
energy for the cell to use to make materials
and move them around
Ribosome
 Smallest
and most abundant organelles
 Make proteins which are very important for
many of the cell’s activities
Endoplasmic Reticulum
a
system of membranes and sacs that
can move materials from one part of the
cell to another
Golgi bodies
 Sends
a
proteins to where they are needed
system of membranes which changes,
supports, and packages the proteins to
be stored in the cell or secreted out of
the cell
Lysosomes
 organelles
that digest organic
compounds and old organelles
 These
again
materials are recycled and used
Vacuoles
a
saclike structure
that stores water
or wastes
 They
are larger in
plant cells than they
are in animal cells
Cell Wall
 Found
only in plant ,
algae, fungi, and
most bacterial cells
 Rigid,
protective
barrier that protects
and supports the cell
 Found outside of the
cell membrane of
plant and bacterial
cells
Chloroplast
 organelles
which use the energy from the
sun to make food for plants;
 green, chlorophyll-containing, plant cell
organelle that uses light energy to produce
sugar from carbon dioxide and water
Differences
 Plant cells have
some structures that
in Cells
animal cells do notthe shape of
cell walls and
a cell is related to its
chloroplasts
function (job)
 A plant cell usually
 Plant cells have a
has one ____ and
box-like shape
an animal cell
usually has several
and animal cells do
____
not have a particular
large vacuole; small
shape
ones
 Usually
Review
 Which organelle
Nucleus
directs all cell activities?
 Which
organelle controls what goes into
or out of the cell?
Cell membrane
 Which
organelle controls what goes into
and out of the nucleus?
Nuclear membrane
 What
substance contains the instructions
for everything the cell does?
DNA
How do you know which animals are more closely
related to others on a classification tree?
The closer the branches are, the more alike the
organisms are.
The closer to the bottom they are, the longer they
have been on Earth.
The higher they are, the more complex they are.
Decomposers
 Decomposers
attack dead materials
and break them down into simpler
forms that can be used as nutrients by
plants.
Helpful Bacteria
 Bacteria
foods:




are used in making the following
Cheese
Yogurt
Buttermilk
Sour cream
Helpful Bacteria
 Bacteria
foods:


are used in making the following
Apple cider
Sourdough bread
Helpful Bacteria
 Bacteria
foods:




are used in making the following
Olives
Sauerkraut
Pickles
Vinegar