Transcript World War II

The United States in
World War II
CPUSH Chapter 25
Americans joined
the war effort
•
5 million volunteers
•
10 million Additional
draftees
•
WAACS
•
WAVES
•
Recruiting of
•
Minorities
•
Japanese
•
Immigrants
Women
Accepted
for Volunteer
Women’s
Army Air
Join the
Women’s
Emergency
ServiceCorps
(WAVES)
Pilots
Army Corps
(WACs)
Ford made
one B-24
bomber
every
Ford’s
Willow
Run
Factory
hour
Henry Kaiser’s West Coast Shipyards
The Allies won the Battle of the Atlantic,
in part, because the USA produced
ships faster than German u-boats could
sink them
Kaiser standardized battleship building &
reduced the time it took to make a
battleship from 355 days to 14 days
Labor’s contribution
• By 1944 18 million laborers worked to support the
war
• 6 million of those were women
• 2 million minority workers
• A. Phillip Randolph – Brotherhood of Sleeping Car
Porters
• Threatened a march on Washington if African
American workers didn’t get to participate fully in war
work – called off the march when Roosevelt gave in
Mobilization of Scientists
• Office of Scientific
Research & Development
• Anti-lice pesticides
• Penicillan
• Atomic bomb
• Manhattan Project
Federal Government Takes
Control
•
OPA (Office of Price
Administration)
• Fought inflation by freezing
prices
• Set up rationing
•
Congress raised income tax
rates
•
WPB (War Production
Board)
• Converted companies to
wartime production
• Organized national drives for
tin, rubber, paper, etc.
War Rations
Battle of the Atlantic
•
Submarine attacks on
shipping
•
Wolf Packs
•
January – April 87 American
ships lost
•
Convoy
•
By 1943 – 140 ships being
produced per month
•
Shipping was much safer by
1943
Battle of Stalingrad
• August 1942-January 1943
• 1,100,000 Russians died
• 800,000 Germans and
others died
• 6000 returned
• Turning point in the
European front
North Africa
• Operation Torch
Italian Campaign
Segregated Units
• 99th Pursuit Squadron (Tuskegee airmen)
• Mexican Americans (141st regiment)
• Japanese Americans (100th batallion)
D-Day
https://www.youtube
.com/watch?v=pCLJ
hxfj608
The War in the Pacific
theater
BATAAN DEATH MARCH
The Bataan Death March began on April 10, 1942, when the Japanese assembled about
78,000 prisoners (12,000 U.S. and 66,000 Filipino). They began marching up the east coast of
Bataan. Although they didn't know it, their destination was Camp O'Donnell, north of the
peninsula.
The men, already desperately weakened by hunger and disease, suffered unspeakably during
the March. Regardless of their condition, POWs who could not continue or keep up with the
pace were summarily executed. Even stopping to relieve oneself could bring death, so many
chose to continue walking while relieving themselves.
Bataan Death
March
Some of the guards made a sport of hurting or killing the POWs. The Marchers were beaten
with rifle butts, shot or bayoneted without reason. Most of the POWs got rid of their helmets
because some by Japanese soldiers on passing trucks hit them with rifle butts. Some enemy
soldiers savagely toyed with POWs by dragging them behind trucks with a rope around the
neck. Japanese guards also gave the POWs the "sun treatment" by making them sit in the
sweltering heat of the direct sun for hours at a time without shade.
The Death Marchers received almost no water or food, further weakening their fragile bodies.
Most POWs only received a total of a few cups of rice, and little or no water. Sympathetic
Filipinos alongside the road tried to give POWs food and water, but if a guard saw it, the
POW and the Filipino helper could be beaten or killed. Some POWs had the water in their
canteens poured out onto the road or taken by the Japanese just to be cruel. Although thirst
began to drive some of the men mad, if a POW broke ranks to drink stagnant, muddy water at
the side of the road, he would be bayoneted or shot. Groups of POWs were often deliberately
stopped in front of the many artesian wells. These wells poured out clean water, but the
POWs were not allowed to drink it. Some were killed just because they asked for water. The
POWs marched roughly 65 miles over the course of about six days until they reached San
Fernando. There, groups as large as 115 men were forced into boxcars designed to hold only
30-40 men. Boxcars were so full that the POWs could not sit down. This caused more to die
of heat exhaustion and suffocation in the cars on the ride from San Fernando to Capas. The
POWs then walked seven more miles to Camp O'Donnell. At the entrance to the camp, the
POWs were told to lay out the few possessions they still had; any POW found with any
Japanese-made items or money was executed on the spot.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8f4wvI5
iAM0
Doolittle Raid
• Spring 1942
• Raid on Tokyo
• https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=xTJ6LSnNKjg
Battle of Midway
• Admiral Chester Nimitz
• Turning point in the Pacific
campaign
• Aircraft carrier battle
• Decisive American victory
4 of 6 Japanese aircraft
carriers destroyed
• https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=F4pUD9qWKs8
Kamikaze
• By 1944 hope was almost
gone for the Japanese
• Kamikaze “divine wind”
• Battle of Leyte Gulf – 1st
tried
• https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=DkNLMzmwZmg
Iwo Jima
•
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-iwo-jima
The Manhattan Project
TIMELINE
• July 16, 1945 Bomb tested
in New Mexico
• August 6 1st bomb dropped
on Hiroshima
• August 9, 2nd bomb
dropped on Nagasaki
• September 2 Japan
surrenders
• J. Robert Oppenheimer
• 600,000 American workers
• 1st test July 16, 1945
The effects
http://www.domlife.org/Justice/Disarmame
nt/bombfactsheet.pdf
The Yalta Conference
• Agreement:
• Temporary division of
Germany in 4 zones
• Free elections for Poland
• USSR would join the war
against Japan
• USSR would participate in
UN meetings
Nuremberg Trials
•
24 High ranking Nazi’s were
put on trial for crimes against
humanity
•
The Nazi’s were “only
following orders”
•
“never happened”
•
https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=_pQJ42ONPDo
Occupation of Japan
• MacArthur acted as
a military dictator
• Free market practices
• New constitution
w/women’s suffrage
The Home Front
Section 4
Economic Gains 1940’s
• Defense workers
• 35% wage increases
• Farmers
• Farm income up 300%
• Women
• New opportunities
• 35% of work force
Population Shifts
• African Americans
migrated North in search of
• Jobs
• Educational opportunity
• Equal rights opportunities
• California saw a huge
increase in population
Discrimination
• Civil Rights
• 1942 James Farmer
founded Congress of Racial
Equality (CORE)
• Urban segregation in the
North
• Zoot Suit riots
https://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=HsFN2fMLL-s
Japanese Internment
Camps
•
Executive order 9066
•
Public law 503
•
1942 Mass evacuation of
Japanese Americans
• No specific charges
• Found constitutional by Supreme
court in Korematsu vs. United
States
•
Japanese American Citizens
League
• 1965 $38 million in reparations
• $20,000 to each interned person
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
6mr97qyKA2s
Important Legislation
• GI Bill of Rights
• Education and training for
veterans
• Federal housing loans
• Korematsu V. United States
(1944)
• Court sanctioned racism