Transcript Slide 1 - De Anza College

Japanese expansion until 1941
• 1931, invasion of Manchuria with plans to take
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southeast Asia
1937 capture Nanking, embarking on deadly
rampage killing 200,000 Chinese
1941, Japan intended to invade Dutch East
Indies for its resources to build military
1941 Roosevelt announced a trade embargo
against Japan to stop its military build up
Pearl Harbor
Attack on Pearl Harbor
“a date that will live in infamy.”
• December 7, 1941, Sunday morning
• 183 Japanese aircraft
• Sank or disabled 18 ships, including all
battleships
• Killed 2,400 Americans
• Wounded 1,000
USS Arizona and aerial photo taken
by a Japanese pilot
Declaration of War
• December 8, 1941, Congress declared war
on Japan
• December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy
declared war on the US in support of
Japan because of the pact of 1940
• “Tripartite Pact” a defensive alliance 1940
General Hideki Tojo
• Japanese general, a
militarist who seized
control of government
in October 1941. He
has been considered
most influential in
attacking Pearl
Harbor.
Emperor Hirohito
• Royal Emperor of
Japan
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
• Japan’s leading
military strategist who
urged quick action to
take the South Pacific
before America could
act
Philippines
• If Japan captured the Philippines early in the
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war, it would dominate the entire South Pacific,
expanding its goal of a Japan-controlled Asia.
Japan assaulted the Philippines early in 1942.
American commander General Douglas
MacArthur was forced to retreat to Australia.
He left behind part of his army who, along with
Filipino soldiers, were captured
General Douglas MacArthur
• The Bataan Death March began on April 9,
1942 when 70,000 Filipino and American
troops surrendered to Japanese troops on
the Bataan Peninsula. General MacArthur
left thousands of troops behind.
• The 65-mile march to a concentration
camp cost an unknown number of lives.
• 16,000 died in the camp
Bataan Death March
US strategy in the Pacific
• Recapture Philippine Islands and help China
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combat the Japanese
Island hopping, one by one to get close enough
to attack Japan itself
– Battle of Midway, June 1942
– Guadalcanal August 7, 1942 and February 9, 1943
– New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Gilbert and Marshall
Islands, Tarawa
– 23 to 26 October 1944, Allies invaded Philippines,
three-day battle of Leyte Gulf, generally considered to
be the largest naval battle of WWII, and perhaps in
history; objective of allies was to deprive its Japan of
vital oil supplies;
– Iwo Jima, February 19 – March 26, 1945;
– Okinawa; carried out organized kamikaze attacks;
Midway, June 3-6, 1942
• Reversed the balance of naval power in the
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Pacific, and put Japanese at a disadvantage for
the rest of the war
Japan lost four aircraft carriers, one cruiser, two
destroyers
US lost one aircraft carrier and one destroyer
This battle turned the tide of the war toward the
US
Japan never recovered its Naval power
Battle of Midway
flight deck of the USS Yorktown
USS Enterprise
Guadalcanal
USS Wasp, hit by Japanese torpedo
From defense to offense
• Objective: deny the Japanese the use of
islands as bases because it threatened
supply routes between the U.S., Australia,
and New Zealand;
• marked the transition by the Allies from
defensive operations to the strategic
offensive in that theater
Guadalcanal
US Marines
US marine, Saipan
Leyte Gulf
Battle of Leyte Gulf
Iwo Jima, 1945
– The photograph
records the second
flag-raising on the
mountain, which took
place on the fifth day
of the 35-day battle.
The picture became
the iconic image of the
battle and has been
heavily reproduced.
Iwo Jima
Hiroshima, rare photo taken after
the atomic bomb had been dropped