Transcript U.S. Entry into the War, Ch 29 Sections 3-4

United States
Enters the War
Chapter 29 section 3
and 4
Japan and the U.S
Japan develops plan for
attacks on European
colonies, U.S. bases
In 1941 Roosevelt cuts off
oil shipments to Japan
http://www.history.com/videos/douglas-macarthur#japanese-diplomats-arrive-in-us
Surprise Attack
on Pearl Harbor
Admiral
Isoroku
Yamamato
plans attack on
U.S. fleet in
Hawaii.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EyjicU83-Zs&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
“Day of Infamy”
 Japan attacks
Pearl Harbor
U.S. naval
base in
Hawaii—on
Sunday Dec.
7, 1941
http://www.history.com/videos/kenneth-m-taylor-at-pearl-harbor#richard-young-recalls-pearl-harbor
The U.S. Enters the War
Congress
declares
war on
Japan,
December
8, 1941
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/media#attack-pearl-harbor
December 11, 1941
Germany declares war on
The United States
January 1, 1942
Declaration of the United
Nations signed by 26
Allied nations.
Japan also attacks Hong Kong,
Thailand, and other islands
Japanese Early Victories
 December 10, 1941, Japanese
attack Philippine Islands
defended by U.S., Filipino troops
 Philippine islands fall to Japanese
in Spring of 1942
 Japanese forces treat conquered
peoples, prisoners of war brutally
Capture of Philippines
U.S. troops surrender to the
Japanese at Corregidor in the
Philippine Islands,
May 6, 1942. A total of 11,500
Americans and Filipinos became
POWs, including the commander,
Lt. Gen. Jonathan Wainwright.
POWs from Corregidor and
Bataan were among the worst
treated.
Bataan Death March
About 76,000 prisoners including
12,000 Americans were forced on
the 60 mile march under a blazing
sun without food or water toward a
new POW camp in the Philippines.
April 1942.
Over 5,000 Americans died on the
march which began April 10 and
lasted six days for some and up to
twelve days for others.
Allied POWs with hands tied
behind their backs pause during
the Bataan Death March
The Bataan Death March continues with Americans
improvising litters to carry comrades who have
collapsed along the road from a total lack of food
and water.
Japan continues to Gains
 Japan captures British holdings,
including Hong Kong, Singapore
 Also conquers Dutch East
Indies, rich in minerals
 Capture of Burma threatens
India, Britain’s main possession
in Asia
The Allies Strike Back
Stunning Raid
 On April 18, 1942,
U.S. bombers led by
James Doolittle
attack Tokyo, other
Japanese cities
 Raid does little
damage, but shows
that Japan is
vulnerable
Lt. Col. Doolittle wires a Japanese
medal to a bomb, for "return" to its
originators
http://www.history.com/shows/battle-360/videos/battle-360-the-doolittle-raid#battle-360-the-doolittle-raid
The Allies Turn the Tide
Battle of the Coral Sea —
Americans stop Japanese
advance, May 7-8, 1942.
New kind of naval warfare—
ships launch planes to fight
each other
The Battle of Midway
http://www.history.com/videos/first-images-of-battle-of-midway#first-images-of-battle-of-midway
 Japanese send powerful
fleet to capture Midway
Island on June 4-7, 1942
 This battle was the turning
point of the war in the
Pacific. Japan lost 4 aircraft
carriers while the US lost
the Yorktown. Japan
retreats
MacArthur’s Plan
 American
army
commander
Douglas
MacArthur
in Pacific
“Island Hopping”
MacArthur plans is to move
from island to island,
hopping past strongholds,
and attacking weaker
Japanese bases
Battle of Guadalcanal
 August 1942
- February
1943
 Hellish
battle that
ends in Allied
victory
Allies Turn the
Tide
on 2 Fronts
http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/videos/playlists/featured-bios#charles-scheffel
The North African Campaign
 Rommel takes
Tobruk, June
1942; pushes
toward Egypt
 British General
Montgomery
attacks at El
Alamein, forces
Rommel back.
 American forces
land in Morocco,
November 1942
 General Dwight
D. Eisenhower
American
commander in
Morocco
In May 1943,
Rommel’s
forces are
defeated by
the Allies.
http://www.history.com/videos/allied-invasion-of-italy#panzer-tank-strategy-at-stalingrad
The Battle
for Stalingrad
 German army
moves to capture
Soviet oil fields
 August 42- Feb.
43 The Soviets
and Germans
battle for control
of city
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/media#world-war-ii-battle-of-stalingrad
 300,000 German troops invade city,
then 90,000 surrender after long
battle
 Soviets lost 1 million soldiers and
99% of the city destroyed
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUX7mAeeF04&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
The Invasion of Italy
 U.S., British forces land on,
capture Sicily in 1943
 Mussolini loses power and is
executed, but Germans keep
control of northern Italy
 Allies invade Italy, but Germans
keep fighting there until war
ends in 1945.
http://www.history.com/videos/allied-invasion-of-italy#allied-invasion-of-italy
Protecting Art Work
The Allied Home
Fronts
New Weapons
New fighters,
medicine and
other
developments
assisted the
allies
http://www.history.com/videos/b-17-flying-fortress-speedy-heavy-bomber#the-most-b-17-bomber
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TUPUbvO0eU&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Mobilizing for War
 Fighting the war requires complete
use of all national resources (total
war)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcndYCgmUIo&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
“Rosie the Riveter”
17 to 18 million
U.S. workers
many of them
women make
weapons
Rosie becomes
the symbol of all
of these women
in the workplace
Norman
Rockwell,
“Saturday
Evening post”
May 1943
 People at home
face shortages
of consumer
goods
(Rationing)
 Propaganda
aims to inspire
civilians to aid
war effort
War Limits Civil Rights in US
 Japanese Americans face
prejudice, fear
 Army puts Japanese Americans
in interment camps in 1942
http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/videos/d-days#japanese-internment-in-america
Dec 22, 1941
Tuskegee Airman
• The Tuskegee Airmen
were the first African
American military
aviators in the US
armed forces.
• During World War II,
African Americans in
many U.S. states still
were subject to racist
Jim Crow laws.
Europe
General Dwight D. Eisenhower
http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/videos/d-days#d-days
addresses troops preparing to invade
France (June 5,1944).
The D-Day Invasion
 Allies plan invasion of France;
use deception to confuse
Germans
 D-Day—June 6, 1944; day of
“Operation Overlord” invasion of
France led by American General
Dwight D. Eisenhower
 Allied forces capture Normandy
beaches
http://www.history.com/videos/d-day-invasion-of-europe#d-day-invasion-of-europe
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/media#d-days
US troops on the deck of a landing craft setting out for Normandy on D-Day
Paris is Liberated
August 19th –25th, 1944
With the assistance of the Free
French Army and the French
Resistance (FFI)
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_fi.php?MediaId=2051
De Gaulle
enters the city
and marches
through the Arc
du Triomphe and
down the
Champs Elysees
The Battle of the Bulge
 U.S. and British forces advance
on Germany from west, Soviets
from east
 Last German offensive attack
occurs in the Ardennes Forest
in December 1944 – January
1945
 Germans have early success but
forced
to
retreat.
http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/videos/d-days#battle-bulge
Yalta Conference
The BIG THREE, Churchill,
FDR and Stalin meet
February, 1945
There is an atmosphere of
distrust
Stalin needed to maintain
control in Eastern Europe
Churchill and FDR want selfdetermination for all of Europe
Agreement
USSR would enter the war
against Japan within 3
months of Germany’s defeat,
The USSR would take
possession of Sakhalin Island,
Kuril Islands and an
occupation zone in Korea
The 3 agreed that Germany
would temporally divided into 4
zones to be governed by
Americans, French, British and
USSR
Stalin also agreed to hold free
elections in Eastern Europe.
The mistrust between the
Allies will cause many problems
for years to come
Invasion of Germany
 1945, Allied armies
approach Germany from
two sides
 Soviets surround Berlin
in April 1945
A Soviet
soldier
raises the
flag of the
Soviet Union
over the
Reichstag
during the
Battle of
Berlin, May
1945
 On April 30, 1945, Hitler
commits suicide on rather than
being captured as the Soviets
enter Berlin.
Brandenburg Gate
 President
Roosevelt
dies on April
12, 1945;
Harry S.
Truman
becomes
president.
 On May 9, 1945, Germany
officially surrenders, marking
V-E Day
Truman’s speech to the American People
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_fi.php?MediaId=235
Pacific
Japanese in Retreat
 Allies move to retake the Philippines
in late 1944
Battle of Leyte Gulf, October 20th
returns the island to the Allies and
leaves Japanese navy badly damaged
 In March 1945, American
forces capture Iwo Jima.
http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/videos/d-days#battle-iwo-jima
 U.S. takes Okinawa in June 45,
Japan suffers huge casualties
Kamikazes
 Japanese pilots who fly suicide
missions, usually into the enemy’s
ship
 In the tradition of the Samurai,
they valued national honor more
than their life.
Kamikaze plane sliced through US ship during Okinawa
The Japanese Surrender
 Advisors warn Truman that
invasion of Japan mainland will
cost many lives.
 He has alternative; powerful
new weapon called atomic bomb
 The Manhattan Project —
secret program to develop the
bomb
Potsdam Declaration
Conference held in a suburb of Berlin
from July 17th to August 2nd
July 28th announced the
conditions for surrender, Japan
was told there would be no
deviations from this .
They refused
Other things agreed upon
Nazi leaders to be tried as war
criminals at Nuremberg
Korea to be divided
no agreement on Poland's western
boundary but Lublin government
allowed to expel 9 million Germans
from eastern Poland
Germany to be administered as
single economic unit by Allied
Control Council, but Stalin sealed
all land access to East Germany
Stalin allowed to take 25% of
West German industry in
exchange for food, coal
Bomb Used
 “Little Boy” was
dropped on
Hiroshima,
August 6th ,45
 70,000 die
another 130,000
died of radiation
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/media#atomic-bomb
http://www.history.com/videos/bombing-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki#bombing-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki
August 9th a
second bomb,
“Fat Man” fell
on Nagasaki;
70,000 die
immediately
The cloud
raises 11+
miles into the
air
The energy released by the bomb was powerful enough to burn
through clothing. The dark portions of the garments this
victim wore at the time of the blast were emblazoned on to
the flesh as scars, while skin underneath the lighter parts
(which absorb less energy) was not damaged as badly.[
Japan surrenders
The US began their
occupation of Japan on
August 28th
September 2nd on the battle
ship USS Missouri