Transcript World War Looms - Maples Elementary School

World War Looms
Chapter 16
Section 1-Dictators Threaten World
Peace
What was WWII?
• Largest war in human history
• Involved countries, colonies, and
territories around the entire world
• Over 70 million died
• WWII-1939 to 1945
Nationalism Grips Europe
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People angry after WWI
Peace had not brought stability, but revolution
Dictators rose up to deal with hard times
Nationalism– Pride in one’s country, loyalty, dreams of
expansion
Failures of WWI Peace
• Treaty of Versailles did not bring peace, but
resentment
• Germans feel picked on
• Germany in depression, could not pull itself
out (b/c of reparations)
• Young democracies in Europe were quickly
overthrown
Joseph Stalin and Soviet Union
• 1917-Communist state set up
• 1924-Lenin dies and Stalin takes
charge
• Government controlled all aspects of
the economy, no private ownership
• Became an industrial giant off the
backs of its workers
Joseph Stalin and Soviet Union
• Instituted five year plans
• Became 2nd largest industrial country
in world
• Purge- Stalin killed 8-13 million people
who got in his way or possibly could
• Established a totalitarian government:
Individuals have no rights, gov. supreme
power
Rise of Fascism in Italy
• Mussolini establishes himself in Italy
• Nationalist ideals
• Fascism: nationalism and state above
all else
• Had to be one leader to have power
Rise of Fascism in Italy
• 1922 marched on Rome
–Took power
• Il Duce- “The Leader”
• Totalitarian GovernmentIndividuals have no rights, the gov.
suppresses all opposition
Nazis in Germany
• Nazi Party– 3 goals:
• 1.) Racial Purification
• 2.) Unite all German people
• 3.) Expansion of Germany
• Adolf Hitler
– Rose to power through the party
– Plan was in Mein Kampf:
Nazis in Germany
• Depression allowed Nazis to come
to power
• Storm Troopers- Hitler’s private
army
• 1933- Hitler named chancellor
• Third Reich- Third German Empire
Militarists Gain Control in Japan
• Need to expand
–Japan = small island
• Attacked China
–Japan gained control of Manchuria
in 1931
• League of Nations was powerless to
stop it
Totalitarianism
USSR:
Communist
Dictatorship
Germany & Italy:
Fascist
Dictatorship
Japan:
Military
Dictatorship
Aggression in Europe and Africa
• Dictators realized League had no power
– Germany pulls out of League in 1935
– Violated the Treaty of Versailles
• Hitler– Sent troops into Rhineland, not stopped
• Mussolini– Attacks Ethiopia
Adolf HitlerGermany
Hideki Tojo Japan
Benito Mussolini-Italy
Joseph Stalin-USSR
Civil War Breaks out in Spain
• 1936-Franco Francisco and his army revolts
against Spain
• Whole world interested in it
– USSR sent weapons
– Italy and Germany sent troops
– U.S. did nothing
• 1939- Franco becomes Spain’s fascist
dictator
US Cautious Response
• US alarmed, but still clings to Isolationism
• Nye Commission said U.S. was dragged into
WWI and could not do that again
• Neutrality Acts– 1st and 2nd- Banned the sale of weapons to
nations at war
– 3rd – Expanded this to countries in civil war
Section 2-War in Europe
Austria and Czechoslovakia Fall
• 1937 Hitler decides to absorb Czech.
and Austria
• Austria created after WWI
–Most were Germans who favored
reunification
• 1938-Hitler marched in, unopposed
• Anschluss: Union w/ Austria
How did WWII start?
• Germany invaded Poland to get lebensraum
Bargaining for the Sudetenland
• Sudetenland: Czech. Border of
Germany
–Most spoke and were German
• Lebensraum: Elbow (Living) Room
• Hitler said Czechs. were mistreating
Germans in Sudetenland
Bargaining for the Sudetenland
• France and England promised to
protect the Czechs
• Daladier: France, Chamberlain:
England meet with Hitler in Munich
• 1938 Munich Agreement–Appeasement- Give Hitler what he
wants and he’ll stop
German Offensive
• 1939- Hitler sets his sights on Poland
• Attacking Poland = War with Russia
• The two front war killed Germany in
WWI, so Hitler would not make the same
mistake
• Stalin signs Non-aggression Pact in 1939
• Now no fear from USSR, Poland is target
German Offensive
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September 1st, 1939
Germany invades Poland
Hitler uses Blitzkrieg: Lightening war
Sept. 3, 1939- Brit. and France declare war on
Germany
• Poland split between Russia and Germany
• WWII had begun
Hitler Attacks
• April 9th, 1940- Hitler attacks
Norway and Denmark, Netherlands,
Belgium and moves into France
• France and Britain fight on
• Frances defenses fell quickly
–Hitler takes France
The Battle of Britain
• A series of air battles
– Daily battles that lasted the summer
of 1940
– German bombers escorted by fighter
planes
• Royal Air Force out-shot Luftwaffe
• England able to replace losses
– England out-produced Germany
fighter planes (avg. 563/month)
• England had Radar
– RAF would not be caught on ground
The Blitz
St Paul’s Cathedral, 29 Dec 1940
• September 1940
– Luftwaffe changed targets from
RAF to cities, especially
London
– Most terrifying phase of battle
occurred mostly at night
• Sept 1940 to June 1941
– ‘The Blitz’ – British cities
bombed day and night
– Battle of Britain effectively
over once Hitler moved from
trying to destroy the RAF,
‘Operation Sealion’ was put on
shelf
The Battle of Britain
• Winston Churchill
–“Never in the field of human
conflict, was so much owed, by so
many, to so few.”
• Winston Churchill, Aug 19th,1940
British & German aircraft destroyed July 1st
– October 31st, 1940
British German
1 – 15 July
51
108
16 – 31 July
69
117
1 – 15 Aug
156
259
16 – 31 Aug
249
332
1 – 15 Sept
268
323
16 – 30 Sept
133
213
1 – 15 Oct
100
147
16 – 31 Oct
90
161
Totals
1,116
1,660
Section 3-The Holocaust
The Holocaust
• Targets:
– Jews
• Anti-Semitism: Hatred of Jews
• Hitler blamed Jews for Germany’s
failures
• 1935-Nuremberg Laws: Jews stripped of
citizenship, property, forced to wear the
star of David
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The Holocaust
• Kristallnacht-Night of broken glass
• Nov. 9-10, 1938
• Nazis attacked Jewish homes and
businesses
• Killed 100 people, 30,000 arrested
• Blamed the Jews for the destruction
Nazi Targets
• Jews, Gypsies, Freemasons,
Jehovah’s Witnesses, mentally or
physically challenged, homosexuals,
physically disabled
• Final Solution-A policy of genocide
that systematically killing of an entire
population
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Forced Relocation
• Ghettos-Segregated Jewish area
–Miserable existence
• Warsaw-Meant for 5,000, had to
cope with 50,000
• Did their best to resist, but
outnumbered and betrayed by
countrymen
Concentration Camps
• Concentration Camps: Labor and Death
• 1942: Mass Exterminations
– Bullets too expensive, starvation took too long
– Need a faster way
• Gas Chambers- 2,000 people at a time sometimes
12,000 a day
• Chelmo-1st camp
• Auschwitz- Largest
– Medical Experiments
Survivors
• By 1945 nearly 6
million Jews had died
in the camps
• Generations have
been affected and
entire families were
wiped out
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Section 4- America Moves Towards
War
Moving away from Neutrality
• Cash and Carry
– Warring nations could buy arms as long as they
had money
• Some people said good way to stay out, others
said going to pull us into the war
• Britain was holding on by a thread.
– We gave them ships for bases
Axis Threat
• 1940-Italy, Japan
and Germany
sign treaty to
form the Axis
• They agreed to
help each other if
ever under attack
Building U.S. Defenses
• Had to increase national defenses
– Peacetime military draft
• FDR runs for third term
• Arsenal of Democracy
– Build an arsenal to help defeat Hitler
• 1941-Lend Lease Act- Program in which the
U.S. would lend the Allied nations large
amounts of military supplies
Supporting Stalin
• 1941-Germany attacks Russia
–Now has a reason to help Russia
• German Wolf Packs
–FDR had to allow US ships to
sink U boats for safety
FDR Plans for War
• Not everyone thrilled with him
– He got a bill passed to extend draft terms
• Atlantic Charter
– FDR and Churchill meet in secret on Augusta
– Collective security, disarmament, self
determination, economic cooperation, freedom of
seas
• Beginnings of United Nations
– Allies created
Shoot on Sight
• 1941-Germans fire on USS Greer
–Shoot on sight policy
–Pink Star sunk
–U.S.S. Kearny
torpedoed
• Still won’t declare war, but foregone
conclusion
Japan Attacks U.S.
• Japan controlled most of China under
Tojo
–Go into Indochina
• U.S. protested and stopped trading
with Japan
• U.S. knew Japan was going to attack
us, but did not know where and when
Japan Attacks U.S.
• December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl
–2,403 Americans Killed
–21 ships sunk or damaged
–The U.S. now ready to enter the
war