Transcript World War II

 Economic
Plans
• Huge collective farms
• Starvation & rationing
• Pushed industrialization more
 Reign
of Terror
• Purges – removed enemies &
undesirables
• Show trials – always guilty
• Millions killed or put in camps
 Benito
Mussolini’s Fascist Party
 Appointed Prime Minister
 Suspended elections
 Began conquests – Ethiopia
 Served
in WWI – injured
 Hated Versailles Treaty
 National
Socialist German Workers Party
 Nov. 1923 – 3000 followers tried to overthrow
 Fail, jailed
 Wrote “Mein Kampf”
• Wanted German Homeland
• Aryan Race – Blonde hair/blue eyes
 1932
– made by
Hindenburg
 Suspended free
speech and press
 Brown shirts – Nazi
thugs quiet
opposition
 1934 – Pres too = Der
Fuhrer
 Secretly
began rearming
 Built autobahn
 Army began taking over land
 Allied with Italy = Axis Powers
 Several
parties fought for power
 Nationalist lead by Gen. Franco
 Dictatorship
 Germany helped Franco
 Hitler
& Stalin sign Non-Aggression Pact
 9/1/39 – Hitler invades Poland
 9/3 – UK & France declare war
 German blitzkrieg –
lightening war
 Fast, concentrated air
and land attack
 Poland
fell, war
stopped
 Sitzkrieg – sit down
war
 Maginot Line –
French fortification
line
 4/9/40
– Attack Denmark & Norway
 Went around Maginot
 6/22 – France surrenders to Germany
 Vichy France – Nazi control
 Bottom ¼ - Gen de Gaulle & resistance
 Allies – France, UK, USA
 Luftwaffe
attacks London
 Royal Air Force (RAF) attacks
Berlin
 Heavy bombing, much death,
destruction
 Britain hid in subway
 Kids shipped to countryside
 1920s
– recession
 Military began influencing politics
 Invaded and took Manchuria from China
 Puppet State
 1937
invaded China
 Rape of Nanjing – 100,000 killed
 US wanted Japan to stop
 UK helped China fight back
 1940 – Japan joined Axis
 1930’s
– Neutrality Acts
 Prevented trade with countries at war
 Europe and Asia fell to war
 US watched
 Revised
Neutrality Acts
 Gave aid to UK and France
 Most wanted “all aid short of war”
 FDR wins 3rd election
 Lend-Lease = send aid
now, get back later
 Sunday, December
7, 1941 @ 7am
 Radar saw planes “Don’t worry”
 After 3 hours
• 2400 killed
• 200 planes destroyed
• 18 warships sunk
 12/8
– US declares war
 Selective Training
and Service Act
 16 million called GIs – Government Issue
 25,000 NA – code talkers
 Tuskegee Airmen – All AA units
 350,000 women
 Office
of War Mobilization
 Stopped consumer goods
 Started war goods
 Ford – B-24 bombers
 Paid by taxes and bonds
 Shortage
of consumer goods
 Food stamps & rationing
 Food needed for troops
 Victory Gardens
 Spent money on other things
• Baseball, music, movies
 US
& UK fought U-Boats in Atlantic
 20 U-Boats = Wolf Pack
 Sunk 175 ships in June 1942
 Feb
1941
 Hitler sends Gen. Rommel “Desert Fox”
 US Gen Eisenhower fought back
 Nazi lost in 1943
 US
invaded Italy next under Gen. Patton
 Mussolini arrested, new gov. set
 Nazi pushed out by April 1945
 German
blitzkrieg & Luftwaffe
 Nazi began to take over
 Stalin called for help, US did
 Battle of Stalingrad (Sept 1942)
• Red Army took advantage of winter
• Losses: Germany 33,000, Red – 1 million
 RAF’s
carpet bombing – 3000 planes
 1000’s of civilians killed
 Operation
Overlord by Gen. Marshall
 D-Day June 6, 1944
 Ships, planes attack Normandy, France
 Able to liberate France
 Battle of the Bulge
• Small US units took West Europe
 Soviets
fought to Berlin in 1945
 Hitler refuses to leave city
 Underground bunker with wife
 Suicide April 30th
 Germany surrenders May 8th
 VE Day
 Feb
1945
 Roosevelt, Churchill,
Stalin
 Split Germany in 4
 Berlin too (deep in
USSR)
 Stalin promised to
end war with Japan
 Didn’t keep promise
 Aryans
– Germanic People
 Semites – Middle Eastern/Jews
 Anti-Semitism – hatred of Jews
 Hitler believed in Aryan superiority
 1933
– Anti-Semitism became law
 33-45 – 6 million Jews killed
 Other groups (6 mil) suffered too
 Jews
lost citizenship, fired, sell business
 Define “Jew” – 3 of 4 grandparents
 “Sarah” and “Israel”
 Forced to wear Star of David
 Most
Jews believed they would endure
 November 9, 1938
 SS destroyed all Jew stores, houses,
temples
 “Night of Broken Glass”
 Forced to ghettos
 Mobile
killing squads in
Russia
 Jews and Communists dug
own graves
 Shot by Nazi soldiers
 Wannsee Conference 1942
 Wanted Final Solution
 Zyklon
B – pesticide
 Shower rooms that expelled gas
 6 camps in Poland became Death Camps
 Used cattle trains to move people
 Auschwitz
& Dachau = worst
 2 lines – Work or Die
 Gas Chamber -> furnace
 Alive – shaved, tattoo, work
 Hard
work, little food, disease, brutality
 Torture and medical experiments
 12,000 gassed a day
 Some
Jews fought back
 Worked for a moment
 US knew in 1942 – did nothing
 Troops found camps in 1945
 Photographed everything!
 No idea what they were seeing
 24
Nazi leaders tried for crimes against
humanity
 12 got death
 Israel still trying Nazi criminals
 Japan
took over much of East Asia
 POWs tortured, marched for days
 Ship battles, many attacks
 Fought on islands – Island hopping
 Kamikazes – suicide planes
 Japanese in US put in internment camps
 Two
major battles
 Iwo Jima – 25,000 deaths, 27 medal of honor
 Famous flag picture
 Okinawa – huge allied fleet, fought
kamikazes
 50,000 dead
 To
develop atomic
bomb
 Truman made decision
to drop to save lives
 8/6/45 – 1st bomb on
Hiroshima
 80,000 killed, 90% of
city leveled
 August 14th – Japan
surrenders