Transcript 7-4.6 Holocaust Notes

THE HOLOCAUST,
MISTREATMENT AND
THE MIDDLE EAST
Standard 74.6
1. THE BEGINNING
A. The Holocaust was a, genocide
(systematic extermination of a race or
group of people) a plan of persecution
and elimination of Jews and others
deemed “undesirable”.
B. Motivated by religious and cultural
differences, suspicion and envy, This
was coordinated by the Nazi party
before, and during WWII.
2. HITLER’S MOTIVATION
A.
B.
C.
It is unclear where Hitler's anti -Semitism, or hatred of
the Jews comes from, but they were not his only
targets
Hitler believed in creating a ‘master race’ of ‘Aryans’
and believed all non- Aryan people were inferior.
Jews, Poles, Russians, Communists, Gypsies,
homosexuals or anyone considered mentally or
physically ‘deficient’ were all targets.
3. A SERIES OF GRIEVANCES
A. Hitler and the Nazi Party passed the
Nuremberg Laws in 1935, which
denied German citizenship to Jews
and prevented them from marrying
non-Jews. Jews were also ordered to
wear the Star of David so they could
be immediately recognized in public.
B. On November 9, 1938, Nazi troops
attacked Jewish businesses,
synagogues, and homes and killed
approximately 100 Jews, known as
Kristallnacht, or “Night of Broken
Glass.”
C. Next, Jews were ordered to move into
ghettos and lived in terrible
conditions. The worst, however, was
yet to come.
Nazi Rally in Nuremberg in 1935 drew 120,000 to
hear Hitler proclaim that Jews were inferior people
who were responsible for Germany’s problems. The
next day they passed the Nuremberg Race Laws.
Nazi rally in Nuremberg in 1935
The Nuremberg Laws required that all Jews wear the
yellow star – shaped like the Star of David. This
made them easier to round up when the time came.
A CHILD’S ACCOUNT OF KRISTALLNACHT
 A small boy in Emden,
Germany recalls what
happened. “Of a sudden
noises in the street break
into my sleep, a wild
medley of shouts and
shrieks. I listen, frightened
and alarmed, until I
distinguish words: ‘Get out,
Jews! Death to the Jews!’
Fists are hammering at the
door. The shutters are
broken open. We can hear
cupboards crashing to the
floor. Two Storm Troopers
run upstairs, shouting at
the top of their voices, ‘Out
with the Jews!’ This was
just the beginning….
4. THE FINAL SOLUTION
A. Hitler’s “Final Solution” forced Jews
across Europe into concentration camps,
where many died en route in cattle cars,
were exterminated in specially designed
showers and crematoriums or through
brutal experiments, or barely survived in
work camps.
B. Most camps were located in Germany and
Poland. When prisoners arrived at the
concentration camps, they were examined
by SS doctors. The Nazi soldiers allowed
the strong (mainly men) to live in order to
serve as laborers.
C. Many of the women, elderly, young
children and The disabled were killed
soon after arriving at the concentration
camps. The genocide killed well over six
million Jews as well as another six million
other “undesirables”
Lining up to relocate to the Warsaw Ghetto.
Jews were forced to live apart from other
Germans. Life became unbearable, but it
only got worse. Next came deportation….
A few hours’ notice, a few simple
possessions, a few crisp orders by the
guards, and then the trains….
80 or more people were crammed into cattle cars
with no idea of where they were being taken.
Deprivation and degradation were the norm. And
then came the camps and selection….
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This sign – “Work makes one free – Arbeit
macht frei” was not the first or the last lie….
Weak and sickly Jews were killed. Disguised as
showers, these rooms had chutes in which canisters
of poisonous ZyclonB, Prussic Acid, were dispensed.
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The last stop for many prisoners was the crematory
oven. These ovens ran day and night disposing of
the dead prisoners.
Part of a stockpile of Zyklon-B
poison gas pellets found at
Majdanek death camp.
Before poison gas was used , Jews
were gassed in mobile gas vans.
Carbon monoxide gas from the
engine’s exhaust was fed into the
sealed rear compartment. Victims
were dead by the time they reached
the burial site.
The selection sent women and children to the
right and men who were able to work to the left, to
barracks like these at Auschwitz in Poland.
Women and children were usually sent to their
death in the gas chambers and crematory ovens.
Bales of hair shaven
from women at
Auschwitz, used to
make felt-yarn.
After liberation,
an Allied soldier
displays a stash
of gold wedding
rings taken from
victims at
Buchenwald.
A warehouse full of shoes and bags taken from
prisoners is testimony to the sheer numbers….
At Dachau, near Munich,
this prisoner was subjected to
extremely low pressure to
provide information for the
German Air Force about what
the body could tolerate. At
Sachsenhausen, near Berlin,
prisoners walked hundreds of
miles a week on a special
track to determine which
footwear would work best for
soldiers. Every test and
experiment was justified.
Children who were able to work were spared.
Germany needed strong men to do heavy labor
Between 1939 and 1945
six million Jews were
murdered, along with
over 5 million others,
such as Gypsies,
Jehovah’s Witnesses,
disabled and the
mentally ill.
A German policeman shoots individual Jewish women who remain alive
in the ravine after the mass execution.
16 of the 44 children
taken from a French
children’s home.
They were sent to a
concentration camp
and later to Auschwitz.
ONLY 1 SURVIVED
A group of
children at a
concentration
camp in Poland.
Portrait of two-year-old
Mania Halef, a Jewish
child who was among the
33,771 persons shot by
the SS during the mass
executions at Babi Yar,
September, 1941.
Nazis sift through a huge pile of clothes left
by victims of the massacre.
Two year old Mani Halef’s clothes are somewhere
amongst these.
A MAP OF THE CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND DEATH CAMPS
USED BY THE NAZIS.
This modern day shot of the barracks at
Dachau cannot begin to tell the story….
This is the view the prisoners had of the
camp as they looked through the barbed
wire that imprisoned them….
There were no graves
for the dead prisoners.
In the end there was no
way of identifying any
of the remains found in
the camps. In each camp
there is a monument to
the unknown dead. This
one is at Dachau, the
first Nazi Concentration
Camp in Germany, near
Munich.
This is a monument at Dachau to commemorate
the suffering and death of so many millions.
There is a replica of this sculpture in Israel.
Below the statue are the words “Never again!”
REACTION FROM THE WORLD
 The Nazis tried to keep the
killings a secret from the world.
 A small number of people risked
their lives to protect Jews like,
Anne Frank.
 The full horror of the Nazi acts
were not know until Allied forces
liberated the camps in 1945.
 This terrible injustice became
known as the Holocaust.
5. JAPANESE INTERNMENT
A. Although the Nazis were the worst when it came to murder,
and extermination, other countries were not free from
committing their own crimes of war.
B. Fearing a threat from the Japanese already living in the
United States, in 1942 the American government relocated
around 100,000 American citizens of Japanese.
C. Forced to close their stores, leave their houses and give up
their land They were moved to ‘War Relocation Camps’ in
the desert for the duration of WWII.
D. In 1944 the Supreme Court Upheld the decision for
relocation.
E. The United States would later apologize for their actions.
JAPANESE AMERICAN RELOCATION
PICTURES FROM THE INTERNMENT
CAMPS
6. JAPANESE TREATMENT OF CIVILIANS
A. Between 1937 and 1945 it is
estimated that the Japanese
military killed between 3,000,000
and 10,000,000 people including
Chinese, Filipinos, Indonesians and
Koreans
B. In addition to these crimes, the
Japanese performed many other
acts against citizens including
Mass Killings, Human
Experimentation in Biological
Warfare, Use of Chemical Weapons,
Torture of Prisoners of War, Forced
Labor, and Cannibalism.
C. In the Nanking Massacre around
250,000 to 300,000 people were
killed in an single city. Thousands
of women were sexually assaulted
and looting was widespread.
EXAMPLES OF JAPANESE WAR CRIMES
Medical Experimentation
Cannibalism
 Spe c i a l Ja pa n e se m i lit ar y un i t s
c o n duc te d ex pe ri men ts o n c i v ilians
a n d P OWs i n Ch i na . On e o f t h e
m o s t i n fa mous wa s Un i t 7 31 un de r
Sh i rō Is h i i. V i c t ims we re s ubj e c te d
to ex pe ri ment s i n c l uding but n ot
l i mited to v i visec t ion ( c ut t i n g a
bo dy o pe n w h i l e t h e pe r s o n i s
a l ive) a n d a m put a t i ons w i t h o ut
a n e st h esia a n d te s t i ng o f bi o lo gic al
we a po n s. An e s t hesia wa s n ot us e d
be c a us e i t wa s be l i eved to a f fe c t
re s ul t s.
 To p o f fi c e r s o f Un i t 7 31 we re n o t
p ro s e c uted fo r wa r c ri m es a f te r t h e
wa r, i n exc h an ge fo r t urn i n g ove r
t h e re s ul t s o f t h e i r re s e arc h to t h e
Al l ies. Th ey we re a l s o re po r te dl y
g i ve n re s po n sible po s i t ions i n
Ja pa n ' s ph a rm a c eut ic al i n dus t r y,
m e di c al s c h o ols a n d h e a lt h
m i nist r y
 “ t h e Ja pa n e se s t a r te d s e lec t ing
pri s o ner s a n d eve r y day o n e
pri s o ner wa s t a ke n o ut a n d k i l led
a n d e a te n by t h e s o ldier s. I
pe r s o nally s aw t h i s h a ppe n a n d
a bo ut 10 0 pri s o n er s we re e a te n a t
t h i s pl a c e by t h e Ja pa n e se. Th e
re m a inde r o f us we re t a ke n to
a n ot h er s pot 5 0 m i les [ 8 0 k m ]
away w h e re 10 pri s o ne r s di e d o f
s i c kness. At t h i s pl a c e , t h e
Ja pa n e se a g a in s t a r te d s e l ec t ing
pri s o ner s to e a t . Th o s e s e l ec ted
we re t a ke n to a h ut w h e re t h e i r
fl e s h wa s c ut fro m t h e i r bo di e s
w h i l e t h ey we re a l ive a n d th ey we re
t h row n i n to a di t c h w h e re t h ey l a te r
di e d . ” - In di a n P OW, L a n c e N a i k
H a t a m Al i
7. TRIALS AT NUREMBERG
A.
B.
C.
D.
In 1945-1946 twenty -two Nazi leaders were charged with “crimes
against humanity” for their actions.
This showed that individuals were responsible for their actions.
An International Militar y Tribunal, representing 23 countries,
conducted the trials and ten of the
Nazi leaders were hanged and their bodies were burned at a
concentration camp.
11. HUMAN RIGHTS FOR EVERYONE
A. A positive development out of World
War II was the Universal Declaration
of Human Rights
B. The 1948 document sets Human
Rights standards for all nations,
listing specific rights every human
should have.
C. World organizations, such as
amnesty international continue to
spread awareness of these rights
D. In Response to the Holocaust, the
Universal Declaration defines
genocide, but does not explain how
worldwide organizations can involve
themselves in other countries
affairs.