Transcript Post War World

The Cold War
Battle Over a Bi-Polar World
WWII: Aftermath
• Look on page 489…Which
nation lost the most soldiers?
Which lost the most civilians?
Compare US losses to those of
other nations.
• Both Germany and Japan were
nearly completely destroyed.
– Millions homeless, lack of basic
necessities
Tokyo Trials:
Japanese war
criminals tried &
executed.
Japanese Constitution
YALTA (in the USSR)
Date: Feb 1945
Present: Churchill,
Roosevelt and Stalin
Yalta Conference Feb 1945
• FDR, Stalin, Churchill
• Discuss the fate of Post war
Germany and Eastern Europe
• Germany divided into four parts
• Eastern Europe given to Soviets
• Decided to create the United
Nations
The Soviets Build a Buffer Zone
• Eastern Europe
becomes a “buffer
zone” for the Soviet
Union
• These “Satellite”
nations
– Controlled by USSR
– Communists (few
freedoms)
– Rebuilt by USSR
Nuremberg Trials:
Nazi War criminals
tried & executed.
Occupation
• Unlike WWI because…
• US, Britain, France and the Soviet Union
occupy Germany (and Berlin)
• The US occupies Japan (run by Gen
MacArthur)
• Germany and Japan are no longer allowed
to have an Army.
The United Nations:
Peacekeeping World Gov.
created after WWII.
UN Brain Pop
United Nations is
formed
• April 1945- U.S. and
Soviet Union set aside
their differences
• Goal: Protect Nations
from aggression
• 50 nation pledge to
“save succeeding
generations from the
scourge of war.”
The United Nations
Ban Ki-Moon
• Peacekeeping
Organization
• Security CouncilBritain, China,
France, The United
States, and the
Soviet Union—
Veto Power
Cold War Brain Pop
Truman
Doctrine
“would support free peoples
who are resisting subjugation
by armed minorities or by
outside pressures”
• Stop the spread of
communism
• Provide aid to nations
facing communist
takeovers
• It signalled the end of
“isolationist” policies.
Marshall Plan: $13 billion
to rebuild Western Europe
“Iron Curtain”
The Berlin Airlift:
Dropping of
supplies into SU
blockaded Berlin.
NATO: Anti-communist military alliance called
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
SEATO
CENTO
Organization
of American
States
The Soviet Alliance
• Sees NATO as a
threat
• Created the Warsaw
Pact
– Soviet Union,
Poland, East
Germany,
Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Romania,
Bulgaria, and Albania
The Bi-Polar World
Arms Race Timeline
• 1945-US tests first Atomic Bomb & drops two A-Bombs on Japan
• 1949-The Soviet A-Bomb
• 1952-U.S. tests hydrogen bomb (H-Bomb) 750 times stronger
than Hiroshima bomb
• 1952-UK test first A-Bomb
• 1953-Soviet Union tests hydrogen bomb
• 1950’s both the US and Soviet Union created ICBMs
(Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles), goes 8,000 miles
• 1957-UK: H-Bomb
• 1960-France: A-Bomb
• 1960: Polaris Submarines (can launch ICBM) created
• 1964-China: A-Bomb
• Today India, Pakistan and North Korea have also tested nuclear
weapons
Space
Race
• 1957-The Soviet Union launches the first man made
satellite Sputnik into space (US creates NASA)
• 1961- The Soviets launch first human to orbit the
earth
• 1962- US astronaut
• 1969- US lands on the moon
• 1971- Soviets make the first manned space station
• 1981- US builds the first space shuttle
Korean War
Kennedy’s United States
1) An air strike to destroy the missile sites, antiaircraft units and the Soviet-Cuban military
power.
2) An all-out invasion of Cuba to destroy the
missiles and overthrow Fidel Castro’s
Communist Gov.
3) A naval blockade to prevent Soviet arms
shipments to Cuba, combined with a demand
that the USSR remove all their military units or
face a nuclear attack from the United States.