Transcript uploads/1/3/0/8/13081786/1919_to_today_pptx

WWI to Today! Yay!
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World War I
Causes of WWI
Imperialism, Nationalism, Militarism, Alliances
Imperialism
– Fighting for land to take (Africa, Asia, islands)
– Once its all taken, they take from the other takers
• Nationalism
– Pride in your country, need for self-rule
– Austria-Hungary, Serbia
• Miliatrism
– Rapid building up of military
– Happens because of fears of others’ powers
– Easy to do because of the new technology (industrial revolution)
• Maxim Gun (machine gun)
• Alliances
• European countries unite, making an attack on one an
attack on all
• Immediate cause
• Assassination of Franz Ferdinand (AH) and his
wife
• Hanging out in a part of AH that was just taken
from Serbia
• Killed by nationalist terrorist, Gavrillo Princip
of the Black Hand
• Serbia calls its big brother (Russia)
• Austria-Hungary calls its big brother
(Germany)
• Then, more alliances lead to a world war
• The War (1914-1918)
• Trench warfare, new weaponry (machine gun,
submarine, tank)
– Trench foot
– Mustard Gas
– Barbed wire
– Tanks
– Machine gun
– Submarines (by Germany)
• Trench Warfare
– Conditions in the trenches were poor, and common infections
included dysentery, typhus, and cholera.
– Many soldiers suffered from parasites and related infections.
– Poor hygiene also led to fungal conditions, such as trench mouth
and trench foot.
– Another common killer was exposure, since the temperature
within a trench in the winter could easily fall below freezing
You’re gonna need to change your
socks…or you’re gonna have a bad time.
Trench foot for the lose?
More trench foot? Okay!
• Mustard Gas (Yperite) was first used by the German Army in September 1917. It
was one of the most lethal of all the poisonous chemicals used during the war. It
was almost odourless and took twelve hours to take effect. Yperite was so powerful
that only small amounts had to be added to high explosive shells to be effective.
Once in the soil, mustard gas remained active for several weeks. The skin of victims
of mustard gas blistered, the eyes became very sore and they began to vomit.
Mustard gas caused internal and external bleeding and attacked the bronchial
tubes, stripping off the mucous membrane. This was extremely painful and most
soldiers had to be strapped to their beds. It usually took a person four or five weeks
to die of mustard gas poisoning. One nurse, Vera Brittain, wrote: "I wish those
people who talk about going on with this war whatever it costs could see the
soldiers suffering from mustard gas poisoning. Great mustard-coloured blisters,
blind eyes, all sticky and stuck together, always fighting for breath, with voices a
mere whisper, saying that their throats are closing and they know they will choke."
• Effects
• Treaty of Versailles – ends the war
– Austria Hungary separated, Germany needed to
pay reparations, League of Nations created
– Germany had to admit guilt for starting the war
and pay for the entire war
• The government in charge of Germany stinks, and
thinks it can print tons of money to pay the debt after
the stock market crashes
• This causes ultra inflation (1 US dollar =
1,000,000,000,000 marks)
– This will make Hitler angry and you wouldn’t like
him when he’s angry.
• Russian, Mexican, Chinese Revolutions all
regard land redistribution
– Super-communist
• Revolt of the proletariat to take land from the
bourgeoisie
• Russian Revolution (know this)
– Ends 300 year Romanov Dynasty
– WWI showed Russia how behind they were
– Czar Nicholas II was a crappy leader
• More worried about war than Russian people
– Also, Rasputin!
Also,
Rasputin.
• Bolsheviks (means more) led by Lenin’s call for
Peace, Land, and Bread!
– Starts as a labor union
• Organizes the workers to revolt
• Just like Marx said
• Civil War between Red (communist) and
White (anti-communist) armies
– White fails because it is helped by outsiders (ENG,
US)
– Nationalism joins communism here
• USSR eventually established
– Union of Socialist Soviet Republics
After WWI
• After WWI, a lot of countries argued over
where the new borders were
• It turns out the the League of Nations was
really weak and Wilson couldn’t get Congress
to agree to let the US join
• Germany is poor and tells France that they
can’t pay back reparations
The Great Depression
• Germany was borrowing what money it had from
the US
• 1929 – US stock market crashes which leads to
Germany’s market crashing and then other
European countries
• Inflation was coupled with Germany printing
more money making a loaf of bread cost 200
Billion Marks
• The depression doesn’t end until all of the money
is spent to fight WWII
Dictators
• Because the economies are so bad in Europe,
dictators try to take over
– They have simple solutions
– It’s easy to get a lot of power when everyone is
weak
– They look to the dictator as a hero
Mussolini
• Mussolini takes over Italy with an army called
the Black Shirts
• He calls his type of government Fascism
– The good of the country is more important than
the good of the individual
• Has a group of secret police that kills
dissenters
• Paid off the Catholic Church
Lenin/Stalin
• After WWI, Lenin is controlling Russia
• He makes a “New Economic Plan” where the
government controls the crops
• Changes Russia’s name to Union of Socialist
Soviet Republics (USSR)
• When Lenin dies, Stalin takes over and makes
USSR industrial (factories)
Lenin
Comintern
• Lenin starts Comintern (Communist
International)
• He starts convincing other countries to
become communist
– China
– Korea (North)
– Vietnam
Stalin
Franco
• Spain has a civil war and Germany and Italy
help dictator, Francisco Franco take over
Hitler
• Hitler was born rich and fought for Germany in
France in WWI
• He hates the French and the weak
government they put in place in Germany
• He tries to overthrow the government at a bar
(Beer Hall Putsch), get’s put in jail
• Writes Mein Kampf (My Struggle) while in jail
• Blames all of Germany’s problems on the Jews
Middle East
• After WWI, the Middle East is angry because
they were promised their own countries by
the Allies, but were taken over.
• Muslims are in control of Palestine (Israel
today).
• England threatens the Muslims to let the Jews
back in.
• They do for five years, but then halt
immigration.
Africa
• During WWI, a lot of colonized Africans
enlisted to help their colonizers.
• While at war, they saw the world and came
back to Africa and tried to overthrow the
colonizers.
• Most of these uprisings were crushed like
pow!
India
• Mahatma (means Great Soul) Gandhi leads nonviolent protests against England’s colonization
• Calls his protests “Civil Disobedience”
• Remember, England was still controlling India
during WWI
• His style of protesting made England look evil and
eventually led to India being free after WWII
• Part of India becomes Pakistan (almost all
Muslim) because the Hindus and Muslims can’t
get along
Japan
• After WWI, Japan is getting much stronger
• They have huge corporations called Zaibatsus
(one is Mitsubishi)
• Starts becoming imperialist, takes over
Manchuria and some other islands
• US makes them sign a treaty saying they will
take no more land
Hitler after Jail
• After getting out of jail, Hitler uses persuasion
to take over the weak German government
• He begins taking land from USSR and giving it
to German peasants
• He starts a draft and sends troops to
Rhineland
– Both were banned by the Treaty of Versailles
Appeasement
• England and Germany decide to appease
(satisfy the enemy so everything stays stable)
Hitler
• Prime Minister Chamberland from England
calls it “peace for our time”
• He’s an idiot.
WWII Starts
• Hitler makes pacts with Italy, Spain, Russia and
Japan
• The then invades Poland (Official start to
WWII)
Japan
• Japan keeps taking over areas in Southeast
Asia for natural resources like oil
• America is threatened so they say they will
stop trading with Japan
• Japan ignores them and takes more islands
The War in France
• Germany uses blitzkrieg (lightning war)
– Planes bombing in front of tanks and tanks taking
out the rest
• Demolishes Poland, Belgium and The
Netherlands
• Goes around Maginot Line (Concrete and steel
boundary between France and Germany)
– Takes over Paris and calls it Vichy France
Britain, Russia and Pearl Harbor
• Battle of Britain – Germany bombs British
military and civilian targets
• Constant bombings for over a year
• Germany turns on and attacks Russia, but
Russia retreats again like they did with
Napoleon and defeats Germany.
• Pearl Harbor – Japan attacks Hawaii thinking
US will leave them alone in the Pacific
– FDR calls it “A day that will live in infamy.”
The End of the War in Europe
• US declares war on Japan, leading Germany to
declare war on US
• American troops join the English troops to
take back France
• They stormed the beach in Normandy, France
and marched to take back Paris
• Moved through to Germany where Hitler and
his girlfriend had already killed themselves
• VE (Victory in Europe) Day - 1945
The End of the War in Japan
• FDR dies and Truman takes over
– Has to decide whether to use the nuke
• Says invasion would be hard and lots of
American and Japanese people would die
• The first bomb “Little Boy” is dropped over
Hiroshima and then “Fat Man” is dropped
over Nagasaki
• August 14th, 1945, Prince Hirohito surrenders,
VJ (Victory in Japan) Day
Legacy of WWII
• 17 million soldiers + 20 million civilians = 37
million deaths
• Almost four times the deaths of WWI
• First and last nuclear weapon used in a war
• First use of planes for bombing in a war
Jews
• Anti-Semitism was a part of life for many
Europeans
• The Jews were outsiders in Germany and Poland
• They had come from the Middle East to flee the
Romans 2000 years earlier
• They had come from Russia to flee the pogroms
(government sponsored Jew killings) 100 years
earlier
• They had a different language, religion, food and
culture
Hitler’s Reasoning
• Hitler and some Germans blamed the Jews for
Germany’s financial crisis because many banks
were owned by Jews
• A stereotype of Jews being greedy and selfish had
been around since the Middle Ages where Jews
weren’t allowed to own land. They, instead began
lending money and charging interest to make
profits.
• This was reinforced by Shakespeare in The
Merchant of Venice
The Holocaust
• Hitler believed that the solution to Germany’s
problems was genocide (geno=race, cide=kill)
• Began with the Kristallnacht (Night of Broken
Glass)
• Jewish businesses and synagogues were
broken into
• Nuremberg Laws made it illegal for Jews to
– marry or date non-Jews
– Employ non-Jew women under 45
The Holocaust Continued
• Hitler called it the Final Solution
• Would force Synagogues to give the Nazis
their membership lists and go door-to-door
either sending Jews to concentration camps
or, towards the end, killing them
• Mass graves
• Gas chambers
• Ashes of burning bodies looked like snow in
the air
The Holocaust Continued
• Allies thought that the Holocaust was over
exaggerated
• It wasn’t.
• Six million Jews killed
• Two out of every three European Jews were killed
• Ten Million non-Jews killed
– Gay people
– Disabled people
– Gypsies
After WWII
• After WWII, Russia and US are suspicious of
each other
• The United Nations is formed to do what the
League of Nations could not do (stop another
war from happening)
• Truman wants many of the eastern European
countries that Germany attacked to become
capitalist, Stalin wants them to be communist
After WWII Continued
• Germany is divided up and Berlin, the capital
is half capitalist and half communist. It is
separated by a wall
• US saw USSR as wanting to spread
communism worldwide and vice versa
• Winston Churchill (Prime Minister of England)
said that “an iron curtain divided the
continent” between capitalism and
communism
The Cold War
• It is called the Cold War because the two main
sides (US and USSR) never fought. It was a war of
words.
• Both sides had nukes, but did not want to use
them because they would both end up dead
(MAD Mutually Assured Destruction)
• US creates an alliance called NATO (North Atlantic
Treaty Organization) to defend against the
communists
• USSR makes it’s own group called the Warsaw
Pact
Space Race
• USSR puts the first satellite in space (Sputnik)
• USSR puts the first living thing in space (Laika)
• USSR puts the first person in space (Yuri
Gagarin)
• US puts the first man on the moon (Neil
Armstrong)
• Both sides say they won the “Space Race”
The Korean War (1950-1953)
• North Korea becomes communist and tries to
take over South Korea
• America steps in wanting to make all of Korea
capitalist
• Outcome – Two countries, one communist,
one capitalist
The Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961)
• JFK finds out that Fidel Castro took over Cuba
and made it communist
• Has the CIA train ex-Cubans, gives them guns
and sends them to overthrow Castro
• Fail
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
• Castro fears another US attack
• His buddy, Khrushchev (USSR) sends him a
nuclear bomb that can reach Miami from
Havana
• JFK sends ships to stop the bomb in the
middle of the Atlantic
• The thirteen day standoff ends when JFK
agrees to let Cuba stay communist as long as
Khrushchev takes the nuke back to USSR
The Vietnam War (1955-1975)
• France had controlled Vietnam, Laos and
Cambodia since the Opium Wars (French
Indochina)
• China helps northern Vietnam kick out the
French
• North Vietnam becomes communist, southern
Vietnam stays capitalist
The Vietnam War (1955-1975)
• US sees south Vietnam as a domino. If it falls
to communism, all of Asia will
• The draft is reinstated
• Many American citizens protests against the
war
• Troops were withdrawn in 1975 after a
stalemate of more than ten years of major
conflict
The Cold War Ends (1989-1991)
• Regan and Gorbachev start talks to reduce
nukes in 1980s
• Russia can’t keep up with US arms race (race
to build up weapons) because it is too poor
• Gorbachev wants to reform (perestroika) and
open (glasnost) USSR government
• Many say the fall of the Berlin Wall is the real
end of the Cold War
South Africa
• England has been controlling South Africa
since the Boer War (1800s)
• They really “dig” the diamonds there
• In 1948, England starts Apartheid (apartness)
that makes blacks non citizens, says they have
to live in the crappy parts of the country, they
can’t marry whites and they can’t vote on
certain things like war (doc)
South Africa Continued
• Nelson Mandela leads protests for equality in
South Africa.
• He is put in prison in the 1960s and was there
for 27 years
• Many countries like US protested for his
freedom and the end of apartheid
• This stays the way until 1994 when he was
finally released, runs for President, wins and
ends apartheid
Afghanistan
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USSR takes over in 1979
US helps overthrow USSR in 1989
Taliban (theocracy) takes over in 1996
Taliban pays for 9/11 in 2001
US overthrows Taliban in 2002
US finds and kills Osama bin Laden (leader of the
Taliban) in 2011
• US will end the war and withdraw most of its
troops by 2014 (That’s your first “future” note in
World Civ, btw)
Iraq
• Is where the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers are
• In 1990, Iraq tried to take over Kuwait (a small
rich country)
• US crushes them in the Persian Gulf War
• 2003, George W. Bush gets proof that Iraq’s
leader, Saddam Hussein has weapons of mass
destruction (nukes) and invades when Iraq
refuses to let the US inspect
Iraq Continued
• Hussein is eventually captured and hanged
• No WMDs are found
– People argue to whether Bush just said it to get
Hussein or if he actually had proof
• 2011, the last troop left Iraq ending the war
India and Pakistan
• Muslims and Hindus in India hate each other.
• Muslims want their own country.
• After WWII, England frees India and makes north
India East and west Pakistan
• Then East Pakistan becomes Bangladesh after
much drama with West Pakistan
• Ghandi dies and Hindus in India and Muslims in
Pakistan are still fighting in northern India over
Kashmir (land between Pakistan and Bangladesh)
China
• Communists, led by Mao Zedong take over
after WWII in China
• An uprising of nationalists leads to a huge civil
war and push the communists 8000 miles
back to rural China. This takes over a year.
(Long March)
• Communist lay and wait to try to take back
over China
China Continued
• Communists return and push the nationalists
off to island of Taiwan
• The Chinese in Taiwan say that Taiwan is the
real China (Republic of China) and mainland
China (People’s Republic of China) is fake
• This is why there are two Chinas at the
Olympics
Cultural Revolution
• Mao runs China very strictly forcing people to
wear the same clothes and not watch Western TV
• Green means stop, red means go
• Mao suit
• Forced people to name their children things like
“Protect the Leaders” and “Respect Great Glory”
• Teachers would try to get children to turn in their
parents for dissenting
China Today
• After Mao dies, things start to loosen up in
China
• Deng Xaoping (De!) takes over
• Opens China up to international trade
• Today, huge companies are owned by the
government, but small businesses can be
capitalist
Loose Ends
• England gave Hong Kong back to China in 1997
• US gave back the Panama Canal in 1999
• South Sudan broke free from Sudan after
genocide in 2011
Loose Ends Continued
• Arab Spring protests leads to revolutions in
Libya, Egypt and other Middle East countries
in 2011
– Many say it was caused by Facebook and Youtube
• World population passes seven billion in 2011
• May 2015
– I took my last note in World History