Transcript Chapter 34 Notes

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Treaty of Versailles= Germany in HUGE economic
depression = Hitler able to come onto the scene
Goes against the Treaty of Versailles by re-arming
Germany and in 1936 taking control of the RhinelandLeague of Nations does nothing
1938 takes Sudetenland- an area of Czechoslovakia
France and Britain meet with Germany and Hitler says
that is all he wants
Munich Pact: the 1938 agreement in which Britain
and France appeased Hitler by agreeing that
Germany could annex the Sudetenland, a Germanspeaking region of Czechoslovakia- signed by
France, Italy, GB and Germany
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All these leaders are fueled by Nationalism
Stalin
› Leader of the Soviet Union
› totalitarianism: a system in which the government
totally controls all aspects of a society, including the
economy
› Those who disagreed went to concentration camps
› Great Purge
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Mussolini
› Italy
› fascism: a political movement based on an extreme
nationalism in which the state comes first and
individual liberty is secondary
› Il Duce, Secret Police, and censorship
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Hitler
› Nazism: a form of fascism that promoted the
belief that Germans and other Nordic
peoples were superior to other races
› Aryan Race and Mein Kampf
› Third Reich- Der Furher
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Tojo
-Japan- Prime Minister
militarism: the glorification of military power
and values
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Americans favor isolationism
Japan in China
› Takes over Manchuria
› 1932, the League of Nations ordered Japan to
withdraw its army from the region. Japan refused,
choosing to withdraw from the League instead.
› 1937 The rape of Nanjing 300,000 Chinese civilians
and brutally raped about 20,000 Chinese women.
› Roosevelt makes “quarantine speech”
› Roosevelt’s “quarantine” speech did nothing to stop
Japan. By 1941, Japan had added French Indochina
to its Asian empire to go along with Formosa (now
called Taiwan), Korea, large areas of China, and
several small Pacific islands
Italy takes Ethiopia, Spanish Civil War: a civil
war from 1936 to 1939 in which the Spanish
military and its right-wing allies, known as
the Nationalists, overthrew Spain's
democratic republic, Hitler takes the
Rhineland, Austria, and Sudentenland
 U.S. signs neutrality acts: legislation passed
by Congress in 1936 and 1937 designed to
keep the United States out of European
conflicts, such as the Spanish Civil War
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Hitler Signs a Nonaggression Pact with
Stalin
 On September 1, 1939, the German
army marched east into Poland. Two
days later, France and Britain—the Allied
powers—declared war on Germany.
World War II had begun.
 blitzkrieg: "lightning war," the German
military strategy during World War II of
attacking without warning
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April 1940, they launched a surprise attack on
Denmark and Norway. Within a few weeks, Germany
had conquered these two Scandinavian countries
German force burst through Luxembourg and
southern Belgium into France in just four days. Then it
began a dramatic drive toward the French coast
Rescue at Dunkirk
Vichy government- puppet government: a
government that is run by citizens of a conquered
country who carry out the policies of the conqueror
Britain now fights alone
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In September 1940, Germany, Italy, and
Japan signed the Tripartite Pact, making
Japan a member of the Axis powers.
› U.S. would now have to fight a two front war
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Roosevelt Inches Away from Neutrality
› In November 1939, Roosevelt pushed a bill
through Congress that repealed the arms
embargo. This Neutrality Act of 1939 included a
“cash-and-carry” provision
› After the fall of France U.S. starts re-arming
› Lend-Lease Act: legislation passed by Congress
in 1941 adopting a plan to lend arms to Britain
› In June 1941, Hitler broke the Nonaggression
Pact by attacking the Soviet Union= U.S. sends
supplies to USSR
From 1940 to 1941, Japan continued
seeking raw materials through conquest
 The United States tried to undercut
Japan’s aggression in several ways
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› Sends loans and aid to China
› froze Japanese assets in American banks
› Blocked vital resources including oil from
Japan
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On December 7, 1941, Japanese aircraft carriers
approached Hawaii. From the carriers, more than 300
bombers and fighter planes launched the attack on
Pearl Harbor
In a little more than two hours, the Japanese sank or
damaged 18 American ships.
At nearby airfields, Japanese warplanes damaged or
destroyed about 300 military aircraft.
In all, the raid left more than 2,400 Americans dead
and nearly 1,200 wounded.
The Japanese lost just 29 planes in the attack
The next day, Roosevelt asked Congress to declare
war on Japan
Three days later, Germany and Italy declared war on
the United States.
December 7, 1941 0342 hours The minesweeper Condor is on
patrol less than two miles (3.2 kilometers) off the entrance to
Pearl Harbor. The officer of the deck sees something “about
fifty yards [45 meters] ahead off the port bow.” He asks a sailor
what he makes of the object. “That’s a periscope, sir,” the
sailor replies. “And there aren’t supposed to be any subs in the
area.”
 0702 hours One of the two privates on duty looks at the radar
oscilloscope and can’t believe his eyes. He asks his buddy to
take a look—and he confirms the sighting: 50 or more aircraft
on a bearing for Oahu. The privates call the Fort Shafter
information center, the hub of the radar network.
 0733 hours U.S. code breakers, though stymied by Japanese
naval codes, have cracked the Japanese diplomatic code.
From a Tokyo-to-Washington message, President Franklin D.
Roosevelt and Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff,
learn that Japanese negotiators in Washington have been told
to break off talks.
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0740 hoursPlanes of the first wave take off from the Japanese
carriers—49 high-altitude bombers, 51 dive-bombers, 40 torpedo
planes, 43 fighters. They fly through clouds, wondering if Pearl
Harbor will be visible.
Then, as they near Oahu, the attack commander hears a
Honolulu weather report: “clouds mostly over the mountains.
Visibility good.” The clouds break. The fliers see “a long white line
of coast”—Oahu’s Kakuku Point.
 0749 hoursAir-attack commander Mitsuo Fuchida, looking down
on Pearl Harbor, sees no aircraft carriers, which the Japanese
hoped to destroy and thus thwart U.S. retaliation. He orders his
telegraph operator to tap out to, to, to: attack. Then other taps:
to ra, to ra, to ra: attack, surprise achieved.
Though not meant to have a double meaning, to ra is read by
some Japanese pilots as tora—tiger. And according to a
Japanese saying, “A tiger goes out 1,000 ri [2,000 miles/3,218
kilometers] and returns without fail.”
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0755 hoursthe telegraph operators to send out an
uncoded message to every ship and base: AIR RAID ON
PEARL HARBOR X THIS IS NOT DRILL
The coordinated attack begins as dive-bombers strike the
Army Air Forces’ Wheeler Field, north of Pearl Harbor, and
Hickam Field, near Ford Island’s Battleship Row. The
Japanese, wanting control of the air, hope to destroy
American warplanes on the ground.
Most U.S. planes have been parked wingtip-to-wingtip in
neat rows to make it easy to guard them against
sabotage. Most are destroyed.
 0810 hoursAn armor-piercing bomb, dropped by a highaltitude bomber, pierces the forward deck of the Arizona,
setting off more than a million pounds (450,000 kilograms)
of gunpowder, creating a huge fireball, and killing 1,177
men.
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0850 hoursThe Nevada gets her steam up in 45 minutes
and, with antiaircraft guns blazing, heads for the open
sea.
Japanese planes of the second wave bomb her, hoping
that by sinking her in the narrow channel she will bottle up
the fleet. Rather than risk that, she deliberately grounds
herself off Hospital Point.
 0854 hoursThe second wave—35 fighters, 78 dive-bombers,
and 54 high-altitude bombers—meets heavy antiaircraft
fire. Bombers attack the navy yard dry dock and hit the
battleship Pennsylvania. Another bomber hits oil tanks
between the destroyers Cassin and Downes. Onboard
ammunition explodes, and the Cassin rolls off her blocks
and into the Downes.
Bombs hit the light cruiser Raleigh, which had been
torpedoed in the first wave. Crewmen jettison gear to
keep her from capsizing.
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Except for the Arizona, Utah, and
Oklahoma, every ship sunk or damaged on
December 7 will sail again.
 1229 hours Solemnly, The President began
his speech requesting a declaration of war:
“Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date
which will live in infamy—the United States
of America was suddenly and deliberately
attacked by naval and air forces of the
Empire of Japan.”
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http://framework.latimes.com/2011/12/06/pearl-harbor-photos/#/0
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Vq
QAf74fsE