Transcript Rescue in denmark

Rescue and Resistance
Jewish Fighting
Organization
Established
July 22, 1942, Germans began massive
deportations of Jews until September 12, 1942
More than 250,000 Jews are deported or killed
during this time
July 28, 1942, the Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa
or Jewish Fighting Organization is formed
Polish Resistance forces provide training,
armaments, and explosives
Mordecai Anielewicz is appointed Commander
Germans Encounter
Resistance
January 18, 1943- January 31, 1943
Renewal of Deportations
Germans encounter resistance from the ZOB
Some Jews retreat into hiding places;
others take up arms and fight
Germans deported or killed 5,000-6,500 Jews
Warsaw turns into a base for ZOB
Ghetto Destroyed;
Uprising Ends
Germans blow up the Great Synagogue
April 19, 1943, General Juergen Stroop
begins destruction and deportation of the
Warsaw Ghetto Jews
Germans burn building by building to force
out the Jews
Over 56,000 Jews were reported captured
and sent to forced labor camps or
extermination camps out of 50,000 left in
Warsaw
1943
It's one of the great untold stories of World War
II In 1943, in German-occupied Denmark, the
Danish people find out that all 7,500 DANISH
JEWS are about to be rounded up and deported
to German concentration camps. Danish
citizens spontaneously make their own decision:
it's not going to happen. And it didn't. Risking
their own lives, the Danes quickly rallied round
to save their fellow citizens, and almost all of the
country's Jews were able to escape the clutches of
the Nazis and find refuge in neutral Sweden
Denmark was a small idyllic country of 4 million
people, with a history of taking in immigrants
from countries such as Germany, Holland,
Sweden, and Poland. Before the war, Denmark's
small Jewish population was well integrated into
the community.
On April 9, 1940, Germany attacked Denmark.
From then until 1945, Denmark was under
German occupation. Most Danes were proBritish and anti-Nazi, but they were also aware of
the need to adjust to living in a Germandominated Europe. Danes and Germans
quickly worked out the terms of occupation.
King Christian X remained in Denmark, unlike
his fellow monarchs in Norway and the
Netherlands who fled to escape the Germans
and establish resistance movements in England.
The Danish government continued to rule. The
Danes agreed to supply rich agricultural produce
and other goods to the Germans.
By the following year, however, a Danish
resistance movement had begun, but it made
little headway until 1943. Then the mood in
Denmark began to change.
targets and businesses working for the occupiers
were hit by a wave of sabotage actions. There was
also labor unrest, with massive strikes - widely
supported by the populace - in many Danish cities.
Resistance Inside Germany
Many Germans were anti- Nazi
There were many attempts to assonate Hitler
Many groups even formed that were anti- Nazi
Many of the rebels were arrested and put in the camps
Resistance Inside Germany:
key dates
The “White Rose” movement were several twenty year
olds protesting and fighting for the Jews 1942-1943
The founders of “White Rose” Hans and Sophie Scholl
(brother and sister) were executed in Munich in 1942
Harnack is a leading figure in the wide-ranging Soviet
spy network was executed in 1942
Bombing of Hitler’s headquarters in 1943 by military
officers in an attempt to assonate him
War Refugee Board
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Henry Morgenthau, Jr., the Secretary of Treasury, persuaded President
Franklin D. Roosevelt to establish the War Refugee Board.
The US confirmed reports of the mass murder of Jews in 1942, but
stayed quiet because they felt that the best way to save the victims was
to win the war as quickly as possible.
Most rescue efforts were made by Raoul Wallenberg, he protected tens
of thousands of Hungarian Jews .
The War Refugee Board played a crucial role in the rescue of as many as
200,000 Jews.
War Refugee Board
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JANUARY 13, 1944 UNITED STATES TAKES ACTION
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US President Franklin D. Roosevelt is urged to establish a government commission to coordinate
the rescue of Europe’s Jews because more and more reports of mass killings of the Jews are
publicized .
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On January 22, 1944, Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9417, establishing the War Refugee
Board.
JUNE 9, 1944TOKEN HAVEN FOR REFUGEES IN UNITED STATES
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US President Franklin D. Roosevelt announces the opening of an Emergency Refugee Camp at
Fort Ontario in Oswego, New York.
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Close to 1,000 refugees arrive at Fort Ontario in August 1944. They are considered guests and
are technically required to return to Europe after the war, although President Harry Truman
announces the at the refugees are eligible for immigration visas and permitted to enter the US on
December 22, 1945.
JULY 9, 1944 RAOUL WALLENBERG IN BUDAPEST
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Raoul Wallenberg arrives in Budapest on assignment from the Swedish legation and the War
Refugee Board to aid in the rescue and relief of Jews in Budapest.
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By the time Wallenberg arrives, the Germans have deported nearly 440,000 Jews from Hungary
and nearly 200,000 Jews still remain in Budapest and are too facing deportation .
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In January 1945, Raoul Wallenberg leaves Budapest, in Soviet custody, and is never heard from
again.
AUGUST 2, 1943
TREBLINKA UPRISING
This is the date when the Treblinka killing camp came
to an end. The prisoners took charge and started
killing the guards and were trying to escape. Only 300
escaped and 975 thousand prisoners and soldiers died.
OCTOBER 14, 1943
SOBIBOR UPRISING
This is the date when the prisoners from the Sobibor
camp mad a plan to also take charge and killed 100
guards and then escaped but 100 were recaptured and
shot to death. Over 167 thousand prisoners were killed
OCTOBER 7, 1944
AUSCHWITZ SONDERKOMMANDO
UPRISING
Gassing operations happened on this date, bringing in
440 thousand Hungarian Jews. Some Jews got loose in
the fall and killed all members of the
Sonderkommando. Four of the women who smuggled
gunpowder out of the factories were hanged on January
6, 1945, weeks before the camp is liberated.
JANURY 17, 1945
CHELMNO
Chelmno was a factory that closed down but re-opened in June
1944, and this was because a group of Jewish prisoners were forced
to exhume and burn bodies from the mass graves at Chelmno as
part of Aktion 1005, the German plan to erase all evidence of mass
murder. Germans begin killing the remaining Jewish prisoners.
Some of the prisoners resisted and escaped. Three prisoners
survived, and at least 152,000 people were killed in Chelmno, after
the Germans abandoned the camp.
Work Cited
Rescue in Denmark:
http://www.ushmm.org/outreach/en/article.php?Mod
uleId=10007740
Jewish Partisans:
http://www.ushmm.org/outreach/en/article.php?Mod
uleId=10007743
The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising:
http://www.ushmm.org/outreach/en/article.php?Mod
uleId=10007745
Work Cited
Killing Center Revolts:
http://www.ushmm.org/outreach/en/article.php?Mod
uleId=10007747
The War Refugee Board:
http://www.ushmm.org/outreach/en/article.php?Mod
uleId=10007749
Resistance inside Germany:
http://www.ushmm.org/outreach/en/article.php?Mod
uleId=10007751