Transcript Road to Warm

World War II
The Road to War
The Rise of Dictators
• Joseph Stalin
• Communism
• Collectivization
Pg. 568-569
• Gulags?
• Stalin was a dominant ruler using purges
and terror
Pg. 569-570
Italy
• Fascism- emphasizes importance of the nation
and supreme authority of the leader
• Benito Mussolini
• Blackshirts
• Hitler and Mussolini both believed expansion of
territory would increase national pride
Pg. 570
Germany
• Adolf Hitler
• Nazi Party- National Socialists
German Workers’ Party
• Great public speaker
• 1923 Beer Hall Putsch
Pg. 570-571
Mein Kampf?
• Nazi Views, Germany’s problems, his plans
• Blamed Jewish
• Aryan Race
• Promised to stabilize the country
and restore the empire
• Chancellor, 1933
• 1934, Der Fuhrer
Pg. 571-572
Hitler facts or fiction?
• Homosexual- most likely false
• Jewish ancestry- possible but not enough proof
• One testicle- most likely true
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Hitler has only got one ball,
Goering has two, but very small;
Himmler is very sim'lar,
And Goebbels has no balls at all.
Sweet tooth- chocolate
Vegetarian
Sex Doll
Enjoyed torture videos, comedy, circus
Rebuilding Germany
• Violated Versailles Treaty
• March 7, 1936 German troops entered the
Rhineland (W. Germany)
• No reaction from Allies
• Germany and Italy became Axis Powerslater joined by Japan
Pg. 572-573
Hitler on the Move
• Hitler took the Sudetenland, 1938
• By 1940, Germany controlled most of
Western Europe
“We shall not capitulate... no never. We may
be destroyed, but if we are, we shall drag a
world with us... a world in flames.”
-Hitler• Appeasement?
Europe Goes to War
• March 1939, Czechoslovakia was invaded
by Germany
• Allies warned Hitler
• One week later, Sep 1939, Hitler invaded
Poland
Pg. 576
“Wonder how long the Honeymoon
will last?”
• Blitzkrieg “lightning war”
• April 1940, invaded Belgium, Netherlands,
and Luxembourg
• Battle of Dunkirk?
• 340,000 soldiers saved
Pg. 576-577
France Falls
• June 14, 1940 German troops enter France
• France adopted collaboration- close
cooperation with Germany
• The Resistance
Pg. 578
Battle of Britain
• Luftwaffe, RAF
• Bombs rained on Britain
• Berlin bombed in response
• The Blitz
• Radar?
“We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight
on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the
fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the
hills; we shall never surrender” Churchill
Pg. 578-579
The Holocaust
• What is the Holocaust?
• 1933 anti-Semitism
• 1935 Nuremberg Laws
Pg. 609-610
Kristallnacht
• SS- Schutzstaffel and Gestapo
• Night of the Broken Glass, Nov. 9, 1938
• Thousands arrested and sent to
concentration camps; Jews, Gypsies,
homeless, homosexuals, Jehovah’s
Witnesses
Pg. 610
Murder to Genocide
• Ghettos
• Einsatzgruppen- mobile killing squads
• 33,000 Jews in 2 days
• Wannsee Conference “final solution to the
Jewish question”
Pg. 611
The Camps
• Poison gas was most effective
• Death Camps; Auschwitz, Treblinka,
Majdanek
• #’s tattooed on bodies
• Dirty, always in fear, starvation, work,
torture, death, treated like animals
• Experiments
Pg. 611-612
Rescue and Liberation
• Allies finally saw camps, in shock
• Nuremberg Trials
“He looked like a skeleton…he just looked at
me with those eyes, and they still haunt
me today”
Pg. 612-613
Japan Builds an Empire
• Needed land to feed rising population
• Manchurian Incident
• Became a puppet state
• Manchuria became a base for further
expansion into Asia
Pg. 581-582
War Against China
• 1937, Japanese resumed invasion of China
• Rape of Nanking, 100,000 civilians
• Sept. 1940, Japan became an Axis Power;
the Tripartite Pact
Pg. 583-584
From Isolationism to War
• Neutrality Acts- limited international
involvement
• Focus on New Deal policies
• Many debated the United States role
Pg. 585-587
Giving Aid
• Germany invades Poland
• “all aid short of war”
• The America First Committee formed by
isolationists, Charles Lindbergh
• Lend-Lease Act- ?
• Pg. 587-588
Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor
• Wanted to halt Japan’s expansion
• FDR cut off all oil shipments
• US cracked Japanese codes
• Tojo Hideki Prime Minister of Japan,
wanted war with the US
Pg. 588
• 6 carriers and 20 ships in Pacific
• Dec. 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor attacked,
shortly after 7:00 AM
• 2400 Americans killed, 1200 wounded in
less than 2 hrs
• 200 planes destroyed, 18 warships , and
only 29 Japanese planes were lost
• Dorris “Dorie” Miller
• Dec. 8 FDR asked Congress to declare
war, Dec 11 Germany and Italy declared
war on the US
Pg. 588-589
Retaliation
• Doolittle Raid- April 18, 1942
• Boosted American Moral “…just a pin prick
but it will be right through their hearts.”
-James Doolittle in the movie Pearl Harbor• Japan panicked
Hitler Divorces Stalin
• June 22, 1941, non-aggression pact
broken, Hitler invades Soviet Union
• Many Soviet citizens welcomed the
Germans
• Short lived, Germans put them in labor
camps and executed many
Pg. 605
• Feb 1943 Battle of Stalingrad
• Oil Fields
• “…Completely cut off…so utter was the
exhaustion, so utter was the starvation”
• Vassili Zaytsev
Pg. 604
Mobilization
• US needed to strengthen forces
• Selective Training and Service Act
• Patriotism and volunteering skyrocket
Pg. 594-595
• Called GIs- “Government Issue”
• Hard to survive
• GIs often thought of home and loved ones
• “What I’d give for a piece of blueberry
pie”
• Fighting for their freedoms
Pg. 595
Preparing the Economy for War
• What company began building bombers?
• Henry Kaiser, Liberty Ships?
• By 1945, military material production
doubled that of all Axis Powers combined
Pg. 596
Financing the War
• War bonds
• Deficit spending
• What brought the country out of the
Depression?
• OWI (Office of War Information)
Pg. 597
Daily Life on the Home Front
• Shortages of consumer goods
• People saved on metal, rubber, nylon
• Victory Gardens
• “Use it up, wear it out, make it do or do
without” Conserve and collect” Patriotism
and high morale
Pg. 598
Retaking Europe
• America joins the war
• Focus on Europe
• North African Campaign
• Erwin Rommel “Desert Fox”
• Invasion of Italy
Pg. 601-603
The Invasion of Western Europe
• Operation Overlord- D-Day?
• June 6, 1944
• American, French, British, Canadian, Dutch, and
Belgian troops
•bombers, paratroopers, ships, ground troops
Pg. 605-606
Battle of the Bulge
• Dec 1944, Battle of the Bulge in the
Ardennes
• Significance of battle?
Pg. 607
War in Europe Ends
• Soviets pushed towards Berlin
• April 30, 1945 Hitler commits suicide May 8,
German troops surrendered
• Americans V-E Day
• Feb 1945 Yalta Conference
Pg. 608
The War in the Pacific
• Clark Field in the Philippines
• Bataan Death March, 1942
• 76,000 Americans and Filipinos
• Over 10,000 dead
Pg. 614-615
War at Sea
• Battle of the Coral Sea
• Lexington destroyed and Yorktown
damaged
• 1st ever naval combat carried out only by
aircraft
Pg. 616-617
Allied Victories Turn the Tide
• Battle of Midway
• June 4, 1942
• Japan could no longer launch offensive
operations in the Pacific
• Battle of Guadalcanal
• Jungle warfare
Pg. 617-618
Island Hopping
• What was it? What was the purpose?
• General Douglas MacArthur, William Halsey,
Chester Nimitz
• Tarawa, Marshall Islands, Marianas Turkey
Shoot 1943-1944
• Kamikazes?
Pg. 618
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
• Battle of Iwo Jima
• 25,000 Japanese, 216 Japanese taken
prisoner
• 25,000 American casualties
• Battle of Okinawa
• 2,000 Kamikaze attacks, banzai charges
• 50,000 American casualties
Pg. 619-620
Manhattan Project
• What was it?
• New Mexico, Robert Oppenheimer
• How to end the war?
Pg. 620-621
Bombs Away
• Aug 6, 1945 Enola Gay dropped “Little Boy” on
Hiroshima; 80,000 died
• 3 days later Bockscar dropped “Fat Man” on
Nagasaki; 40,000 died
• Aug. 14 Japan surrendered and WWII was over
• V-J Day
• Formal surrender signed Sept 2, 1945 on the
USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay
Pg. 621
Social Impact of War/
African Americans
• Segregated troops
• “It made a mockery of wartime goals to
fight overseas fascism only to come back
to the same kind of discrimination and
racism…”
• Double V campaign
• Congress of Racial Equality CORE
Pg. 624-625
Mexican Americans/Native
Americans
• Faced discrimination
• Barrios- Spanish speaking neighborhoods
• Zoot Suit Riots
• Many NA lost cultural roots after the war
• Many had to adapt, didn’t live on
reservations anymore
• Code Talkers
Pg. 626
Japanese Americans
• Most lived on the West Coast
• 2/3 born in the US
• Prejudice and fear
• Internment camps
Pg. 626-627
Aftermath of Japanese Internment
• 1945 they were allowed to leave camps
• Many lost everything
• 1988, Congress passed a law rewarding a
tax-free payment of $20,000 to each
surviving internee and an apology
Pg. 627
Working Women
• Worked manufacturing jobs when men
went to war
• Rosie the Riveter
• Women after the war?
Pg. 628-629