Transcript World War II - Houston ISD

WORLD WAR II
1939 TO 1945
EUROPE AND THE RISE OF DICTATORS
TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENT
•TYPE OF GOVERNMENT THAT
TRIES TO EXERT COMPLETE
CONTROL OVER ITS’ CITIZENS.
•TWO MAIN TYPES:
•COMMUNISM
•FASCISM
JOSEPH STALIN & COMMUNISM
3 MAIN GOALS:
•
•CREATE MODEL COMMUNIST STATE
•CREATE STRONG AND POWERFUL
AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY
•ABOLISH PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
*KILLED BETWEEN 8 AND 13 MILLION IN
ORDER TO MAINTAIN CONTROL*
FASCISM
•STRESSED NATIONALISM AND
PLACED INTERESTS OF THE
STATE ABOVE THE INDIVIDUAL
POWER RESTS WITH ONE
STRONG LEADER AND SMALL
LOYAL GROUP
FOCUS ON MILITARY POWER
(MILITARISM)
•
•
ADOLF HITLER
•DICTATOR OF NAZI GERMANY
•JOINED NAZI PARTY IN 1919
AFTER FIGHTING IN WWI (ANGRY
AT HOW GERMANY WAS TREATED)
BECAME THE PARTY LEADER
THROUGH STRONG SPEAKING
SKILLS AND CHARISMA
•
BENITO MUSSOLINI
•DICTATOR OF ITALY
•POWERFUL SPEAKER THAT
KNEW HOW TO APPEAL TO
NATIONAL PRIDE
•WANTED PRIVATE PROPERTY
BUT WITH STRONG
GOVERNMENT CONTROL
FRANCISCO FRANCO
•FASCIST GENERAL IN SPAIN THAT LED
A REBELLION AGAINST THE REPUBLIC
•WON A CIVIL WAR BETWEEN FASCISTS
AND COMMUNISTS/SUPPORTERS OF
THE MONARCHY
•DICTATOR OF SPAIN
WHAT IS THE UNITED STATES DOING?
•ISOLATIONIST
•PASSES THE NEUTRALITY ACTS
WHICH OUTLAW THE SALE OF
ARMS OR LOANS TO NATIONS
AT WAR OR IN CIVIL WAR
TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENT
CREATION
• YOU AND A PARTNER WILL BE CREATING AN ADVERTISEMENT FOR YOUR OWN
TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENT.
• YOUR ADVERTISEMENT MUST INCLUDE:
• A TITLE WHICH IS THE NAME OF YOUR GOVERNMENT
• AN ILLUSTRATION PORTRAYING AND PROMOTING YOUR GOVERNMENT
• A SLOGAN EITHER IN YOUR ILLUSTRATION OR AS A CAPTION THAT REPRESENTS WHAT YOUR NEW
GOVERNMENT STANDS FOR.
• A LIST OF THREE STRENGTHS OF YOUR NEW GOVERNMENT AND AT LEAST ONE POSSIBLE WEAKNESS
OR DIFFICULTY.
WHAT ARE THE MESSAGES OF THESE POSTERS?
WAR IN EUROPE
SIX STEPS OF NAZI EXPANSION
•1. UNIFIED WITH GERMAN
SPEAKING AUSTRIA (1937)
•2. OCCUPY GERMAN SPEAKING
PART OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
(SUDETENLAND) (1938)
•3. OCCUPIED THE REST OF
CZECHOSLOVAKIA (1939)
•4. INVASION OF POLAND IN 1939
(BRITAIN AND FRANCE
DECLARE WAR)
•5. INVASION AND OCCUPATION
OF NORWAY AND DENMARK IN
APRIL 1940
•6. INVASION AND OCCUPATION
OF FRANCE BY JUNE 1940
(ONLY BRITAIN OPPOSES
GERMANY)
BLITZKRIEG
•“LIGHTNING WAR”
•GERMAN TACTIC USED
WHEN INVADING A COUNTRY
•VERY FAST WITH
OVERWHELMING NUMBERS
AND POWER
APPEASEMENT
•POLICY OF AVOIDING WAR WITH
GERMANY BY ALLOWING THEM TO
TAKEOVER SOME LAND (AUSTRIA AND
CZECHOSLOVAKIA)
•NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN
•PRIME MINISTER OF GREAT BRITAIN
•BELIEVED APPEASEMENT WOULD WORK
WINSTON CHURCHILL
•BRITISH PRIME MINISTER
STARTING IN 1940 AND
THROUGHOUT THE WAR.
•OPPOSED APPEASEMENT AND
GERMAN EXPANSION
CHARLES DE GAULLE
•FRENCH GENERAL WHO SET UP A
FREE FRENCH GOVERNMENT IN
EXILE
•VOWED TO RETURN TO FRANCE
BUT HAD LITTLE POWER WITHOUT
BRITAIN’S HELP
SO WHAT IS THE SOVIET UNION DOING?
•SIGNED NON-AGGRESSION
PACT WITH GERMANY
•JOINS BRITAIN AGAINST
GERMANY AFTER GERMANY
INVADES RUSSIA
THE HOLOCAUST
THE HOLOCAUST
•THE SYSTEMATIC MURDER OF 11
MILLION PEOPLE ACROSS
EUROPE, 6 MILLION WERE JEWS
•JEWS WERE US AS A SCAPEGOAT
FOR GERMANY’S PROBLEMS AND
MISFORTUNES
KRISTALLNACHT
•“NIGHT OF BROKEN GLASS”
•FIRST TIME JEWS ARE
TARGETED ON A MASS SCALE
•OVER 30,000 ARRESTED
ACROSS GERMANY
3 STEPS OF THE HOLOCAUST
GHETTOS
•SEGREGATED JEWISH
AREAS OF TOWNS THAT
JEWS WERE FORCED TO
RELOCATE TO.
CONCENTRATION CAMPS
•CAMPS WHERE JEWS
AND OTHERS WERE
SENT TO WORK AND
ULTIMATELY DIE.
GENOCIDE
•THE DELIBERATE AND SYSTEMATIC
KILLING OF AN ENTIRE POPULATION
•CONCENTRATION WERE NOW
TURNED INTO DEATH CAMPS
Does this still happen today?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sHcJtU9dr6I
AMERICA MOVES TOWARDS WAR
AXIS POWERS
•GERMANY, ITALY, AND JAPAN
•ALL THREE SIGNED A DEFENSE
TREATY IN SEPTEMBER OF 1940
•THIS GREATLY ALARMED THE
UNITED STATES
ALLIED POWERS
•UNITED STATES, GREAT BRITAIN,
SOVIET UNION
•TOTAL OF 266 NATIONS SIGNED ON
•ONLY GREAT BRITAIN UNTIL LATE 1941
LEND-LEASE ACT
•FREELY GAVE SUPPLIES TO
NATIONS AS LONG AS
“THEIR DEFENSE WAS VITAL
TO THE UNITED STATES
•GREAT BRITAIN IS THE
PRIMARY NATION THAT
BENEFITED
FDR CALLED AMERICA A
“ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY”
•
HIDEKI TOJO AND JAPAN
•TOJO WAS THE CHIEF OF STAFF
OF THE JAPANESE ARMY
•REAL POWER BEHIND THE
GOVERNMENT
•EMPEROR HIROHITO WAS LARGELY
JUST A FIGUREHEAD
JAPANESE EXPANSION
•SEIZED MANCHURIA IN 1931
(CHINESE PROVINCE)
•INVADED CHINA IN 1937
•BY 1941, JAPAN SEIZED MOST OF
EUROPEAN ISLANDS.
•WHY DID EUROPE AND THE U.S. DO
NOTHING?
AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR
•SURPRISE ATTACK ON PEARL
HARBOR BRINGS THE U.S. INTO
WORLD WAR II
•U.S. DECLARES WAR ON JAPAN
AND SOON AFTER JOINS GREAT
BRITAIN AND THE SOVIET UNION
AND DECLARES WAR ON
GERMANY AND ITALY
http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/videos
WAR SPEECH WRITING
• EVERYBODY
WILL CREATE THEIR OWN ADDRESS TO THE NATION AS IF THEY WERE FDR
ASSIGNMENT
SPEAKING TO THE NATION FOLLOWING PEARL HARBOR. THE SPEECH IS INTENDED TO INSPIRE
AMERICANS TO WAR AND TO JOIN THE WAR EFFORT. IN ADDITION TO BEING TWO TO THREE
PARAGRAPHS IN LENGTH, THE ADDRESS MUST ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
• WHAT WILL AMERICA DO NOW THAT IT HAS BEEN ATTACKED?
• WHAT SHOULD AMERICAN CITIZENS DO IN RESPONSE TO THIS ATTACK?
• WHAT WILL WAR MEAN FOR AMERICANS AND THE WORLD?
• FINALLY WHAT WILL THE RESULT WILL BE OF WAR AND HOW WILL AMERICA ACCOMPLISH
IT?
THE NATION PREPARES FOR WAR
AMERICAN REACTION TO ATTACK
•JAPANESE OFFICIALS BELIEVE THEY
HAVE BROKEN THE AMERICAN WILL TO
FIGHT
•IN REALITY THERE IS A HUGE RESPONSE
AND THOUSANDS OF MEN ACROSS THE
COUNTRY GO TO ENLIST IN THE MILITARY
GEORGE MARSHALL AND WAAC
•GEORGE MARSHALL WAS THE
U.S. ARMY CHIEF OF STAFF
WHO WANTED WOMEN TO BE
ABLE TO JOIN THE MILITARY.
WOMEN’S AUXILIARY ARMY
CORPS (WAAC): WOMEN TOOK
ON NON-COMBAT ROLES
SUCH AS NURSES AND RADIO
OPERATORS
•
A. PHILIP RANDOLPH
•AFRICAN-AMERICAN LEADER WHO
CALLED FOR EQUAL RIGHTS IN THE
WORKFORCE AND MILITARY
•PLANNED A MARCH ON WASHINGTON
•FDR BACKED DOWN AND DECLARED
EQUAL TREATMENT IN THE WORKFORCE
AND MILITARY
MANHATTAN PROJECT
•CODENAME FOR THE ATOMIC BOMB
PROJECT WORKED ON BY
SCIENTISTS AT COLUMBIA
UNIVERSITY
OFFICE OF PRICE ADMINISTRATION (OPA)
•FOUGHT INFLATION BY
FREEZING PRICES ON MOST
CONSUMER GOODS
RATIONING
•SYSTEM OF FIXED AMOUNTS
OF GOODS DEEMED
NECESSARY FOR THE MILITARY
•USED BY THE OPA AND
GOVERNMENT TO SAVE COSTS
AND SUPPLIES
WAR PRODUCTION BOARD (WPB)
•DECIDED WHICH COMPANIES
WOULD CONVERT FROM
PEACETIME TO WARTIME
PRODUCTION
•ALLOCATED RAW MATERIALS
THE WAR FOR EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA
PHASES OF THE WAR IN EUROPE
•1. ALLIED INVASION OF NORTH AFRICA
(1942)
•2. ALLIED INVASION OF SICILY AND ITALY
(1943)
•3. INVASION OF NORMANDY, FRANCE
(1944)
•4. FALL OF GERMANY (1945)
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
•SUPREME ALLIED COMMANDER IN
EUROPE
•BEGINS COMMAND AS LEADER OF THE
AMERICAN FORCES IN NORTH AFRICA
•BECOMES THE 34TH PRESIDENT IN 1953
D-DAY
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/d-day/videos/ddays?m=5189719baf036&s=All&f=1&free=false
•JUNE 6TH, 1944, THE ALLIED INVASION OF NORMANDY,
FRANCE
•GERMANS BEGAN TO RETREAT AFTER THIS
OMAR BRADLEY AND GEORGE PATTON
U.S. ARMY GENERALS IN EUROPE
•
•PATTON IS FAMOUS FOR LEADING AT
THE FRONT OF HIS TROOPS AND OFTEN
TIMES BEING NOT LISTENING DIRECTLY
TO ORDERS
•BRADLEY WAS THE OPPOSITE OF
PATTON AND WAS CALM, QUIET, AND
FOLLOWED ORDERS DIRECTLY
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/george-smithpatton/videos/patton-and-the-liberation-of-europe
BATTLE OF THE BULGE
•LAST MAJOR GERMAN OFFENSIVE
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/world-war-iihistory/videos/battlebulge?m=5189719baf036&s=All&f=1&free=false
V-E DAY
•VICTORY IN EUROPE
DAY ON MAY 8, 1945
•HITLER COMMITS
SUICIDE AND HIS
GENERALS QUICKLY
SURRENDER
HARRY S. TRUMAN
•VICE-PRESIDENT TO
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT
•TOOK OVER AS PRESIDENT
AFTER FDR DIED FROM A
STROKE
WAR IN THE PACIFIC AND THE END OF THE WAR
DOUGLAS MACARTHUR
•ALLIED ARMY COMMANDER IN THE PACIFIC
•FAMOUS FOR TELLING FILIPINOS THAT HE WOULD
RETURN AFTER BEING FORCED AWAY BY THE JAPANESE
http://www.history.com/topics/d
ouglasmacarthur/videos/douglasmacarthur
CHESTER NIMITZ
•COMMANDER OF AMERICAN
NAVAL FORCES IN THE PACIFIC
•COMMANDER OF U.S. FORCES
DURING THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY
BATTLE OF MIDWAY
•TURNING POINT OF THE PACIFIC
WAR IN FAVOR OF THE ALLIES
(SUMMER 1942)
•ALLIES NOW BEGIN “ISLAND
HOPPING”
•GUADALCANAL, IWO JIMA, AND
OKINAWA
KAMIKAZE
•SUICIDE AIRPLANE ATTACK
BY THE JAPANESE
J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER
•LEADING SCIENTIST
ON THE MANHATTAN
PROJECT
HIROSHIMA AND
NAGASAKI
•THE TWO JAPANESE CITIES THAT
ATOMIC BOMBS WERE DROPPED
•JAPAN SURRENDERED SHORTLY
AFTER THE SECOND BOMB WAS
DROPPED
•AUGUST 15, 1945 BECAME V-J DAY AND
ENDED WWII
NUREMBURG TRIALS AND THE END OF THE WAR
•TRIALS OF NAZI LEADERS FOR
WAR CRIMES
•GERMANY IS DIVIDED INTO
OCCUPIED ZONES
•JAPAN CAME UNDER U.S.
MILITARY OCCUPATION
DECISION TO DROP THE BOMB
• ROLE: CONGRESSMAN, U.S. GENERAL, ALLIED LEADER, JAPANESE
GOVERNMENT, OR SCIENTIST WHO WORKED ON THE ATOMIC BOMB
• AUDIENCE: THE PRESIDENT
• FORMAT: LETTER TO PRESIDENT TRUMAN
• TOPIC: SHOULD OR SHOULD NOT THE U.S. USE THE NEWLY ACQUIRED
ATOMIC BOMB TO END WWII (SUPPORT YOUR STANCE WITH AT LEAST 3
REASONS AND EVIDENCE)
THE HOME FRONT
WHAT HAPPENED AT HOME?
•UNEMPLOYMENT FELL TO 1.2 % IN 1944
•35% OF THE WORKFORCE IS WOMEN
•WAGES INCREASE
•POPULATION MIGRATES TO MAJOR
CITIES
G.I. BILL OF RIGHTS
•PAID FOR WAR
VETERANS TO GOT TO
COLLEGE (7.8 MILLION)
AND HELPED VETERANS
RECEIVE BUSINESS AND
HOME LOANS
CONGRESS OF RACIAL EQUALITY (CORE)
FOUNDED BY CIVIL RIGHTS
LEADER JAMES FARMER IN
1942
•
•CONFRONTS URBAN
SEGREGATION IN THE
NORTHERN CITIES
INTERNMENT CAMPS
•CAMPS WHERE JAPANESE
AMERICANS WERE TAKEN
TO BECAUSE OF THE FEAR
OF SPIES
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/japanese-americanrelocation/videos/japanese-internment-inamerica?m=5189719baf036&s=All&f=1&free=false
JAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE
(JACL)
•ORGANIZATION THAT URGED
THE GOVERNMENT TO
COMPENSATE THOSE SENT TO
INTERNMENT CAMPS