Transcript Chapter 27, Section 4 PPT

Chapter 27, Section 4:
The Allies Turn the Tide
Main Idea: Despite some early defeats, a
series of Allied military successes helped
to turn the tide of battle in Europe.
A. Bleak Days for the Allies
The Germans dominated Europe for much of
1942, America’s first year in the war.
Soviets Under Siege
German armies were closing in on Moscow,
Leningrad, & Stalingrad. The Soviets resisted
German attacks by destroying crops & farm
equipment so that the Germans couldn’t use it.
– During the 900-day siege of Leningrad, over 1
million Russian civilians died, mostly from starvation.
Japanese Advances
At the same time, Japan took Guam, Wake Isl.,
Hong Kong & Singapore after Pearl Harbor.
General Douglas MacArthur tried to defend the
Philippines & Bataan with few men against
overwhelming odds, but was forced to retreat.
– He vows, “I shall return” to the Philippines.
Japan also takes Malaya, Burma, & Dutch East Indies.
Axis Powers in 1942
Germany
(& Italy)
Japan
B. The Tide Turns
Britain & the US decided it was more important to
defeat Germany 1st, then focus on Japan.
Japanese Defeats
The Pacific – Battles of Midway & Guadalcanal
Victories in North Africa
Britain defeated German forces, under General
Erwin Rommel, in El Alamein, Egypt.
US troops, under Generals Eisenhower, Patton,
& Bradley, forced Rommel’s surrender in Tunisia.
Successes in Europe
Allied forces invaded Italy from N. Africa & Sicily.
– Mussolini was overthrown, but Germany still occupied
much of the country. Eventually, they were driven out.
The Soviet army held their ground & turn back
the Germans at Leningrad & Stalingrad, pushing
them westward, back through Eastern Europe
Mussolini & His Mistress
Are Hung in Milan, 1945
The Battle of
Midway Island:
June 4-6, 1942
The North Africa Campaign:
The Battle of El Alamein, 1942
Gen. Erwin Rommel,
The “Desert Fox”
Gen. Bernard
Law
Montgomery
(“Monty”)
The Italian Campaign
[“Operation Torch”] :
Europe’s “Soft Underbelly”
The Allies Liberate Rome:
June 5, 1944
C. Opening a 2nd Front
Stalin was desperate for Britain & the US to
attack Germany from the West (through France)
to take pressure off his armies in the East.
Operation Overlord – code name for
invasion of Europe by US & GB
– General Eisenhower (US) is in charge of all
Allied forces in Europe & directs the invasion.
“Atlantic Wall” – German fortification of the
coast to prepare for invasion (mines, barbed
wire, machine guns, concrete walls, etc.)
D-Day Invasion
D-Day – On June 6, 1944, Allied troops
crossed the English Channel & landed in
Normandy, France to begin the invasion.
By August 25, 1944, the Allies entered
Paris & liberated France from German
occupation, after 4 years of Nazi rule.
– Within a month, all of France was free.
Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders
for D-Day [“Operation Overlord”]
Normandy Landing
(June 6, 1944)
The Liberation of Paris:August
De Gaulle in Triumph!
25, 1944
D. Victory in Europe
Advancing Toward Germany
In the winter of 1944-45, Germany
launched a counterattack against the
Allied forces, pushing them back &
creating a bulge in the front lines.
Known as the Battle of the Bulge, it
slowed the Allies, but did not stop them.
– Audie Murphy became the most decorated
American soldier in WWII for his bravery here.
Meanwhile, Germany was being bombed
day (factories & oil refineries) & night
(cities) by Allied planes to “soften it up”
for a ground invasion.
– This created fuel shortages for Germany,
which seriously hurt its ability to fight.
The Battle of the Bulge: Hitler’s Last Offensive
Dec. 16, 1944
to
Jan. 28, 1945
European Theater of Operations
A New President
President Roosevelt defeated
Thomas Dewey, governor of NY,
in the Election of 1944 to win his
fourth term as President (only one).
While on vacation in Georgia,
Roosevelt died in April 1945 after
serving 12 years as President
(longest ever).
Vice President Harry S Truman is
sworn in as President, taking
over with WWII still in progress.
Congress will later pass the 22nd
Amendment in 1951, which
limited the President to 2
consecutive terms for a
maximum of 10 years.
– If you take over another President’s
term with less than half of it
remaining, you can run twice.
Germany is Defeated
By April 1945, Germany was collapsing.
US & British troops were closing in on
Berlin from the West, while Soviet troops
advanced from the East.
On April 25, American & Soviet troops
met at Torgau, 60 miles south of Berlin.
Meanwhile, Allied planes continued to
pound Berlin with bombs.
Hitler committed suicide on April 30th in
his underground bunker, and Germany
surrendered a week later, on May 7th.
May 8 = V-E Day - Victory in Europe
Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945
Cyanide & Pistols
The Führer’s Bunker
Hitler & Ava Braun