Transcript I. The First World War - Spokane Public Schools

Robert W. Strayer
Ways of the World: A Brief Global
History with Sources
Second Edition
Chapter 20
Collapse at the Center:
World War, Depression, and the Rebalancing of
Global Power, 1914–1970s
Copyright © 2013 by Bedford/St. Martin’s
1.) Who are the soldiers on
the right? Who are the
soldiers in the background?
2.) Why do you think the
artist chose a winter
background?
3.) What is the purpose of
this poster?
I. The First World War: European
Civilization in Crisis, 1914–1918
A. An Accident Waiting to Happen
1. European global power but rivalry and conflict at home
2. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand, June 28, 1914
3. Alliances and nationalism
I. The First World War: European
Civilization in Crisis, 1914–1918
A. An Accident Waiting to Happen
4. Industrialized militarism
5. European empires and trade make it a global war
- Germany and Italy had become nations by 1870
- 2 sides to the war- sides were drawn up by 1900
- Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria and Italy)
- Triple Entente (Russia, France and Britain)
-factors
-M.A.I.N (militarism, alliances, imperialism and
nationalism)
I. The First World War: European
Civilization in Crisis, 1914–1918
B. Legacies of the Great War
1. Surprises and horrors of the war
-not a quick war as expected
2. Widespread disillusionment in Europe
-war of attrition
-made people question Enlightenment values
3. Gender and the war: Mother’s Day versus flappers
-women replaced men in the factories
4. National Self-Determination in Europe
-rearrangement of map in Central Europe
5. Russian Revolution, 1917
-pulled Russia out of the war
B. Legacies of the Great War
6. Treaty of Versailles, 1919
-conditions that created WWII
-Germany LOST: colonies, European land, military
-blamed for war- had to pay reparations
7. Armenian Genocide, Ottoman collapse, and the rise of
Turkey
-Britain promises BOTH Arabs (Muslims) and Jews
Palestine
8. View from the colonies
-colonies, especially Britain’s gained military skills
9. Japanese expansion in China
-Japan assumes Germany’s colonies and privileges
10. Rise of the United States
-US become Europe’s creditor, Woodrow Wilson’s 14
points
1.) who are
the people in
front of the
billboard?
2.) what does
the billboard
advertise?
3.) what did
the billboard
intend to
deliver? And
how did the
photograph
change this
image?
II. Capitalism Unraveling: The Great
Depression
A. Most influential postwar change
-suggested Europe’s economy was failing
- worries about industrial capitalism
- individual materialism, social inequities, great anxiety
-hit in 1929
-stock prices wiped out by paper fortunes
-many lost life’s savings
-world trade dropped by 62%
-unemployment soared
B. Numerous causes for Great Depression
- American economy boomed
- speculation of the stock market drove prices up artificially
C. Worldwide empires cause Worldwide problem
- countries/colonies depended on exports of a few products were hit
-tensions in Latin America- military takeovers, intervention governments
D. Major challenge to governments
- capitalist governments thought the market would regulate
- Soviet Unions economy growing through the 30’s
- some respond with “democratic socialism”
- The NEW DEAL
- in the US with Pres. Roosevelt
-public spending programs to help people from government
-changes the relationship between the people and
government
-WWII helped stimulate the economy for the US
-Nazi Germany and Japan coped best with Depression
III. Democracy Denied: Comparing Italy,
Germany, and Japan
A. Democratic political ideals came under attack in the wake
of WWI
-The challenge of communism
-challenge to the victors of WWI
-authoritarian states allied together (Italy, Germany and
Japan 1936-37)
B. The Fascist Alternative in Europe
- fascism
-appealed to dissatisfied people of ALL social classes
-developed in Italy
-Mussolini embraced Catholic culture
-Ethiopia invaded as first step to “new Roman empire”
C. Hitler and the Nazis
-German fascism was more important the Italy’s
-took shape under Nazi party with Adolf Hitler
-many similarities to Italian fascism
-grew out of the collapse of the German imperial state of
WWI
-the Nazi party grew (1928 – 2.6%, 1932- 37%)
-Hitler suppressed other political parties, censored press
-used Jews as the scapegoat for ills of society
-Deeply antifeminist
-the rise of Nazism represents a moral collapse in the
West
D. Japanese Authoritarianism
-Japan was also a “newcomer” to a “power status”
-moved government to authoritarian government and territorial expansion
-important differences
-minimal role in WWI, at Versailles- Japan on winning side
-1920’s Japan was moving to democracy
-education, urban consumer society, individual freedoms (women too),
lower class movements=equality
-tensions of modernization and industrialization emerge
-”Rice Riot” 1918, union memberships, women's movement,
socialist/communist parties take shape
-elite reacted with alarm
-political arrest and some deaths
-shift of Japanese public life in 1930s
-government spots went to military/ bureaucrats not party leaders,
military more dominant, free expression limited,
-Japan was less repressive than Germany or Italy
1.) Where did this
picture originate? What
was its purpose?
2.) What prejudices
against Jews did the
image convey?
IV. A Second World War
A. World War II was even more global than WWI
- Independent origins in Asian and Africa, dissatisfied states in both
continents wanted to rearrange international relations
B. The Road to War in Asia
-Japanese imperial ambitions rose
-Japan acquired influence in Manchuria after RussoJapanese War
-withdrew from League of Nations
-1937- major attack on China (start of Asia WWII)
-international opinion was against Japan – Japan feels
threatened
-western racism, imperialist powers had “good stuff”
dependent on US (oil)
-1940-1941- Japan launches attack on European colonies
-Pearl Harbor
IV. A Second World War
C. The Road to War in Europe
- Nazis promise to rectify Treaty of Versailles
-Britain, France and Russia will not confront Germany
-war was actually desired by Nazi leadership
-Hitler stressed “living space”
-rearmament 1935
-1938- annexation of Austria and Czech (german)
-1939- attacks Poland
-Germany’s blitzkrieg
-Germany quickly gained most of Europe
-defeat of France, air war with Britain, invaded
USSR, stopped by Soviet counterattack 1942,
Germany defeated in 1945
IV. A Second World War
C. The Outcomes of Global Conflict
1. 60,000,000 dead, 50 percent civilians
2. 25,000,000 in USSR (40%) and 15,000,000 in China
3. bombing raids on Japan, Britain and Germany showed
new attitude toward total war
4. Women as workers and as victims
5. Holocaust and other Nazi mass murders
6. WWII left Europe impoverished and industrial areas in
ruins and citizens homeless/displaced
7. weakened Europe could not hold onto colonies
8. WWII consolidated and expanded communist world
9. growing internationalism
-UN (united nations) and World Monetary Fund - 1945
V. The Recovery of Europe
A. Europe recovered in the 2nd half of the 20th century
- rebuild industrial economies and democratic systemsUS key player
B. How Europe recovered
C. Japan underwent a parallel recovery process
VI. Reflections: War and Remembrance:
Learning from History
A. What are the lessons of history?
B. How has the USA used the lessons of the two world
wars?
C. When going to war, expect the unexpected.